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DEMO Problem #1
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 p+q=1 Problem: 1 in 1700 US Caucasian newborns have cystic fibrosis. C for normal is dominant over c for cystic fibrosis. When counting the phenotypes in a population why is cc the most significant?
What percent of the above population have cystic fibrosis (cc or q2)?
2 q
From the above numbers you should be able to calculate the expectant frequencies of all the following (assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibirum):
ALLELE FREQUENCY CALCULATIONS Why calculate "q" first? q2 = cc So: The square root of q2 = 0.024 q = 0.024
p + q = 1 SO 1 0.024 = 0.976 Now that we have the allele frequencies we can calculate the genotype frequencies.
How many of the 1700 of the population are homozygous Normal? 953 x 1700 = 1620.1 individuals are CC How many of the 1700 in the population are heterozygous (carrier)? 0.0468 x 1700 = 79.56 are carriers (Cc)
It has been found that a carrier is better able to survive diseases with severe diarrhea. What would happen to the frequency of the "c" if there was a epidemic of cholera or other type of diarrhea producing disease? Would "c" Increase? or would it Decrease?
Genotype Frequency
q = 1/20,000 = .00005 So q = 0.007 (allele frequency) 1 0.007 = 0.993 = p (allele frequency)
So we can now calculate the genotype frequencies: p2 = 0.986 and 2pq = 0.014
Hardy Weinberg