What Is An Organization?

• An Organization Defined
– A deliberate arrangement of people to
accomplish some specific purpose
• Common Characteristics of Organizations
– Have a distinct purpose (goal)
– Composed of people
– Have a deliberate structure
Characteristics of Organizations
 Components of an Organization
Task – an organization’s mission, purpose, or goal for
existing
People – the human resources of the organization
Structure – the manner in which an organization’s work is
designed at the micro level; how departments, divisions,
and the overall organization are designed at the macro
level
Technology – the tools, knowledge, and/or techniques used to
transform inputs into outputs
 Management Functions
Planning Organizing

Management
Functions

Controlling Leading
• Management Roles

– Interpersonal roles

– Informational roles

– Decisional roles
Skills Needed at Different
Management Levels
How The Manager’s Job Is Changing
• The Increasing Importance of Customers
– Customers: the reason that organizations exist
• Managing customer relationships is the responsibility of all
managers and employees.
• Consistent high quality customer service is essential for
survival.
• Innovation
– Doing things differently, exploring new territory, and
taking risks
• Managers should encourage employees to be aware of and act
on opportunities for innovation.
Changes Impacting the Manager’s Job
Enter Organizational Behavior

Organizational behavior (OB)

A field of study that investigates
the impact that individuals, groups,
and structure have on behavior
within organizations, for the
purpose of applying such
knowledge toward improving an
organization’s effectiveness.
 Basic Assumptions in OB

• Individual differences: Individuals are different

• A whole person
• Behavior of individual is caused
• An individual has dignity
• Organisations are social systems
• Mutual Interest
• Holistic concept
 Scope of OB
• Intra-personal behavior
• Inter-personal behavior
• Organizations
 Organizational Behavior:
Dynamics in Organizations

Psychosocial

Interpersonal Organizational Behavioral

Behavior
Organizational Variables that
Affect Human Behavior
Communication

Organizational Performance
Structure Human Appraisal
Behavior
Work
Jobs
Design
Organizational
Design
 External Perspective
Understand behavior in terms of external events,
environmental
forces, and behavioral consequences

Internal Perspective
Understand behavior
in terms of thoughts,
feelings, past experiences,
and needs
Explain behavior by
examining individuals’
history and personal value
system

Explain behavior by examining surrounding external

events and environmental forces

Each perspective has produced

motivational & leadership theories.