APARNA GAUTAM SHRIVASTAVA

B.PHARMACY 7th SEMESTER

MR. TARANI PRAKASH

0169py101008

 Tuberculosis, one of the oldest diseases known to affect

humans, is a major cause of death worldwide.

This disease, which is caused by bacteria of the

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex affects the lungs .

Other organs are involved in up to one-third of cases.

Transmission usually takes place through the airborne

spread of droplet nuclei produced by patients with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a bacterial infection that can spread through the lymph nodes and bloodstream to any organ in your body. It is most often found in the lungs. Most people who are exposed to TB never develop symptoms because the bacteria can live in an inactive form in the body. In their active state, TB bacteria cause death of tissue in the organs they infect. Active TB disease can be fatal if left untreated.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis

 Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is bacteria that

that attack your lungs. It is a potentially deadly disease, but it is curable if you get medical help right away and follow your doctors instructions.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an

infection caused by tuberculosis bacteria that have spread beyond the lungs.

 Tuberculosis is ultimately caused by the Mycobacterium

tuberculosis
Only people who have active TB infections can spread the

TB bacteria;
TB is spread mainly through the air. When infectious

people cough, sneeze, talk, laugh or spit, droplets containing bacteria are sprayed into the air.
Transmission usually occurs only after substantial exposure

to someone with active TB.

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is a pathogenic bacterial species in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of most cases of tuberculosis (TB).

 Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a non-motile and rod

shaped

The generation time of M. tuberculosis is 15-20 hours It is an obligate aerobe and requires a host typically for

growth and reproduction.

M. tuberculosis is gram-positive and nonspore-forming There wall contains Mycolic Acid.

Symptoms of TB depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are growing. TB bacteria usually grow in the lungs. TB in the lungs may cause symptoms such as:
A bad cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer Pain in the chest Coughing up blood or sputum

Other symptoms of active TB disease are:

Weakness or fatigue Weight loss

No appetite
Chills Fever

Night sweats
Constant tiredness

Following are some Diagnostic Tests for Tuberculosis:

Heaf Test The Monteux Test Sputum Examination Sputum culture Chest Radiography

Kill persisting bacilli Kill dividing bacilli Prevent emergence of resistance

First Line Drugs

Second Line Drugs

Isoniazide (INH)
Rifampicin (R)

Thiacetazons (Tzn)
Para amino salicylic acid (PAS) Ethionamide (Etm)

Streptomycin (S)
Pyrazinamide (Z) Cycloserine (Cys) Ethambutol (E)

DOTS, is the name given to the World Health Organizationrecommended tuberculosis control strategy. ___________________________________________________
DOT helps patients finish TB therapy as quickly as possible,

without unnecessary gaps.

DOT helps prevent TB from spreading to others. DOT decreases the risk of drug-resistance resulting from erratic

or incomplete treatment.

DOT decreases the chances of treatment failure and relapse.

 DOT includes: Delivering the prescribed medication Checking for side effects

Watching the patient swallow the medication

Documenting the visit

Answering questions

 This study was aimed to review one the most spreading epidemic disease

Tuberculosis.

From this study it can be concluded that Tuberculosis is the disease which is

mostly spreading in developing countries

Most important reasons for its spread include lack of awareness and incomplete

or missed treatment.

Even though TB is an infectious disease it is curable if proper treatment and care

are given.

Prophylactics measurement should be taken in order to prevent spread of the

epidemic infection.

However there is much need for planning an exhaustive review in this regard.