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5.1
5.1
5.1
Tekanan=
Gaya Luas
Barometer
5.2
10 miles
0.2 atm
5.2
Hukum Boyle
P 1/V
Ini berarti tekanan dan volume BERBANDING TERBALIK apabila mil dan suhu konstan (tidak berubah). Contohnya, P naik dan V turun.
P1V1 = P2 V2
Hukum Charles
Jika tekanan dan mol konstan,maka V T V dan T BERBANDING
LURUS.
V1
=
V2 T2
Jacques Charles (17461823). Isolated boron and studied gases. Balloonist.
T1
Gay-Lussacs Law
Jika mol dan volume konstan,maka P T P dan T BERBANDING LURUS. P1 P2
=
T1
T2
STP allows us to compare amounts of gases between different pressures and temperatures
Hukum Avogadro
V a jumlah mol (n) V = konstan x n
Constant temperature Constant pressure
V1/n1 = V2/n2
5.3
V = constant x
PV = nRT
5.4
Pada kondisi 25 0C and 1 atm dinamakan standard temperature and pressure (STP).
Percobaan memperlihatkan bahwa pada STP, 1 mol gas ideal memenuhi 22.414 L.
dRT M= P
5.4
A 2.10-L vessel contains 4.65 g of a gas at 1.00 atm and 27.00C. What is the molar mass of the gas?
dRT M= P
g L
M=
g 2.21 L
x 0.0821
Latm molK
x 300.15 K
1 atm
M = 54.6 g/mol
5.3
Gas Stoichiometry
What is the volume of CO2 produced at 370 C and 1.00 atm when 5.60 g of glucose are used up in the reaction: C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) g C6H12O6
5.60 g C6H12O6 x
mol C6H12O6
mol CO2
6 mol CO2 1 mol C6H12O6 x = 0.187 mol CO2 180 g C6H12O6 1 mol C6H12O6 0.187 mol x 0.0821 Latm x 310.15 K molK 1.00 atm
V=
nRT = P
= 4.76 L 5.5
V and T are
constant
P1
P2
Ptotal = P1 + P2
5.6
nART PA = V nBRT PB = V
PT = PA + PB
PA = XA PT
nA XA = nA + nB PB = XB PT
nB XB = nA + nB
Pi = Xi PT
ni nT
5.6
A sample of natural gas contains 8.24 moles of CH4, 0.421 moles of C2H6, and 0.116 moles of C3H8. If the total pressure of the gases is 1.37 atm, what is the partial pressure of propane (C3H8)?
Pi = Xi PT
PT = 1.37 atm
= 0.0132
5.6
2KClO3 (s)
PT = PO2 + PH2 O
5.6
Chemistry in Action:
Scuba Diving and the Gas Laws
Depth (ft) 0 33 Pressure (atm) 1 2
66
5.6
Teori Kinetik Molekul Gas 1. Gas terdiri atas molekul-molekul yang bergerak random. 2. Tidak terdapat tarikan maupun tolakan antar molekul gas. 3. Tumbukan antar molekul adalah tumbukan elastik sempurna, yakni tidak ada energi kinetik yang hilang. 4. Bila dibandingkan dengan volume yang ditempati gas, volume real molekul gas dapat diabaikan.
5.7
Attractive Forces
5.8
5.8
Tekanan terkoreksi
volume terkoreksi
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5.8