Potential of

Concentrated
Solar Power
(CSP) in India
Krishan Kundu
 Outline
 Why India Needs CSP
 Indian Energy scenario
 Global trends
 Climate Change Action Plan

 Solar Resource
 Potential for CSP in India
 Grid Connected Large Scale
 Distributed

 Way Forward
 Why India Needs CSP
 Indian Energy scenario
 Global trends

 Climate Change Action Plan

India's Power Stats

Power generated in 2007 140,301 MW

Deficiency in power 9 -14%
Power Requirement by 2012 210 GW
Power Requirement by 2032 800 GW
Target from Solar energy by 2012 500 MW
Target from Solar energy by 2017 4000 MW
Per capita consumption of power 632 units
Per capita consumption worldwide 2516 units
Capacity of solar cells (2007) 45 MW
Capacity of solar PV modules (2007) 80 MW
PV products exported (2002 -07 ) 225 MWp

Investment expected for PV manufacturing under Rs.66394 crore for

Semiconductor Policy 2007 2170 MW
 Electricity fuel mix
29%
Coal 10%
52% RES 23% 1,141
2,944MW
MW
34% 10,897 MW

78
71%
90%
%
39,222 MW
Diesel 7,231 MW
9,755
Nuclear Gas
1%
3% 10%

RES Gas Nuclear Diesel Coal

Other RE
Wind
Total installed capacity as Hydro
on 31.3.2009 is 148265.4
29 July 2009
th
ASSOCHAM South Asia Renewable Energy Conference, New Delhi
 Energy supply
 Coal
 Major energy source.
 Biomass
 Primary source of cooking energy in > 80%
rural households.
 Electricity
 All India average shortage ~ 11.6 %
 Peak Load supply shortage ~ 15 %
 Base Load supply shortage ~ 9 %
 Energy security concern
 Around 75 % of the petroleum supply is
imported
 Even coal is being imported
 …Energy supply
 Poor electrification status
 78 million households (44%) in the
country do not have access to electricity
 1,25,000 villages are un-electrified

 Electricity supply situation is generally

poor in even electrified villages
 10th Plan (2002-2007)
performance
SECTOR THERMAL (MW) HYDRO (MW) NUCLEAR (MW) TOTAL (MW)

Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved

Central 12790.00 6590.00 8742.00 4495.00 1300 1180.00 22832.0 12265.00

0
State 6676.00 3553.64 4481.00 2691.00 0.00 0.00 11157.0 6244.64
0
Private 5951.00 1970.60 1170.00 700.00 0.00 0.00 7121.00 2670.60

Total 25417.00 12114.24 14393.00 7886.00 1300.0 1180.00 41110.0 21180.24

0 0

Achievement 51.5% of the target

 Import dependence

Fuel Scenario 2001/02 2011/12 2021/22 2031/32

BAU 4% 9% 49% 72%
Coal
Energy efficient 4% 10% 52% 64%

BAU 69% 65% 74% 88%

Oil
Energy efficient 69% 61% 48% 76%
BAU 0% 17% 34% 34%
Gas
Energy efficient 0% 22% 34% 34%
Source: TERI study
 Estimated growth in electricity
generation capacity (2006-2031)
1200000
Installed Capacity (MW)

1000000

7% GDP growth
800000 8% GDP growth

600000

400000

200000

0
2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031

Source: Planning Commission, 2005

 Energy mix under
alternative scenarios
Percentage distribution of primary commercial energy supply-
2031

100

80

60
%

40

20

0
Reference Evolution Resolution Ambition
Scenarios

Coal Natural Gas Oil Hydro Nuclear Renewables

 National Solar Mission
 Proposed targets
 20 GW by 2020
 100 GW by 2030 or 10-12% of total
power generation capacity estimated for
that year
 4-5GW of installed solar manufacturing
capability by 2017
Global investments in renewable
energy
Billion Dollars

Investments in
Source: REN21, 2009
solar PV 32%
(US$38.4 billion)
Solar PV : Efficiency & Manufacturing Cost

Current conversion Cost of manufacture (US$

Technology Type Efficency (%) per W)

Crystalline Monocrystalline 17-23 2.4

Polycrystalline 15 -18 2.15

Thin Films Amorphous silicon 6 1.35

Tandem microcrystalline 8.5 1.35

CdTe 11 1.15

CIGS 12 1.75
 Global scenario in RE
development
All countries taking bold action in
promoting and installing RE systems
 EU: target of 20% energy from
renewables by 2020
 Australia: target of 20% energy (GWh of
electricity) from renewables by 2020
 China: 15% RE in energy mix by 2020,
30% or more by 2050
 USA: in the process of finalising a 20%
target to be achieved by 2020 - RE (15%)
& EE (5%)
India needs to be ambitious in setting
Solar Resource in India
 5 trillion kWh/year theoretical potential
 Sunny areas
 Most of the country receives more than
4kWh/m2 /day
 More than 300 sunny days in the most part of
the country
 Potential being mapped by IMD, and few
other institutes.
 IMD, MNRE has published solar energy
resource handbook

Solar radiation map of India

If one percent of the

land is used to
harness solar energy
for electricity
generation at an
overall efficiency of
10%; 492 x 106
MU/year electricity
can be generated
 Government initiatives
 GBI (Generation Based incentives) for
Solar power projects (2008)
 Solar Mission under National Action
Plan for Climate Change
 GBIs and incentive schemes from
state governments
Tariff proposed by various State
Electricity Regulatory
Particulars
Commissions
Solar PV Tariff (Rs./kWh

Punjab Rs 7.00 ( base year2006 - 07) with five annual escalations

at 5% upto 2011-12

15.78 ( for plants commissioned upto 31-12-2009 )

Rajasthan

Tamil Nadu 15.15

Uttar Pradesh 15.00

Chhattisgarh 15.50

Gujarat 13.37

15.96 (for plants commissioned up to 31-12-2009

Haryana 15.16 after 31-12-2009 but by 31-03-2010.
Tariff proposed by various
State Electricity Regulatory
ParticularsCommissions
Solar Thermal Tariff (Rs./kWh

Punjab Rs 7.00 ( base year2006 - 07) with five annual escalations

at 5% upto 2011-12

Rajasthan 13.78 ( for plants commissioned upto 31-12-2009 )

Tamil Nadu 13.15

Uttar Pradesh 13.00

Chhattisgarh 13.50

Gujarat 13.37
 CSP worldwide
 More than 10 different technology
combinations
 More than 400MW installed capacity
 More than 8GW installed capacity projects
announced
 Role India can play
 Global hub for manufacturing CSP
 Global test facilities
 Different climatic conditions
 Abundant sunlight
 Technical man power
 Large scale Power plants
 4-5 GW by 2020 is easily possible
 Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka,
MP, Haryana , Tamilnadu, AP potential states
 What India should do
 Government
 Back up the plans with realistic and strong
policy push
 Solar plants and manufacturing base
development
 Low cost financing and fiscal incentives

 Industry
 Move fast to develop manufacturing capability
 Develop R & D base
 Appropriate technology adaptation

 Financing and insurance institutions

 Low cost financing
 Risk mitigation instruments for solar plants
 Suggestions to move
forward
 Strong long term policy initiative
 Support to various promising technologies
 Cost should not be barrier in initial projects
 National Plan for large scale solr power
development
 Solar Park concept
 Solar CSP test facilities in atleast two locations
 Incentives for industries to develop sub-
components (e.g.mirrors, Coatings, Structures)
 Indigenous technology development
 Suggestions to move
forward
 Long term low cost finance for capital
investments
 RE targets for Distribution agencies
can be enhanced
 RE targets for industries, Gencos?
A technological society has two choices. First it can wait until
catastrophic failures expose systemic deficiencies, distortion and
Be the change you want to see in the world
self-deceptions…
Secondly, a culture can provide social checks and balances to
correct
29 for systemic distortion
July 2009
th
prior
ASSOCHAM South to
Asiacatastrophic failures.New Delhi
Renewable Energy Conference,
 Thanks a million

Thank you!!!

24th Aug 2009