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RADIO LINKING
COMMUNICATION
COMPUTER NETWORKS BY-: ANURAG BHATOA NEHA DHIMAN
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2901 2902

USHA DOGRA
ANISH JABBLE

2904
2906

RADIO TRANSMISION
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A radio communication system sends signals by radio

waves.

Types of radio communication systems deployed depend on technology, standards, regulations, radio spectrum allocation, user requirements, service positioning, and investment.

The radio equipment involved in communication systems includes a

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1. 2.

Transmitter Receiver

Each having an antenna and appropriate terminal equipment such as a microphone at the transmitter and a loudspeaker at the receiver in the case of a voice-communication system.

EARTHS SURFACE
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Ground Wave

In the VLF, LF, and MF bands, radio waves follow curvature of earth.

EARTHS SURFACE
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IONOSPHERE

In the HF band, they bounce off the ionosphere.

TRANSMITTER

AND

RECEIVER-:
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A transmitter is an electronic device which, usually with the aid of an antenna, propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or other telecommunications. A radio receiver is an electronic circuit that receives its input from an antenna, uses electronic filters to separate a wanted radio signal from all other signals picked up by this antenna, amplifies it to a level suitable for further processing, and finally converts through demodulation and decoding the signal into a form usable for the consumer, such as sound, pictures, digital data, measurement values, navigational positions, etc.

An RF (radio frequency) link is a electronic device which has the capability to send and/or receive data/signals without the use of wires. Currently there are 3 types of radio frequency link :
433.92 MHz - suitable for transmission of audio and other data signals. 2.4000 - 2.4835 GHz (ISM-Band) - suitable for transmission of both static images and moving video signals. Transceiver Sets - a transceiver is a device that is able to both transmit and receive radio frequency signals. The use of transceivers makes possible the bi-directional transfer of information enabling applications such as telephony and the remote control of electronic devices.

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HOW RADIO COMMUNICATION WORKS

Radio electromagnetic waves are used because they can travel very large distances through the atmosphere without being greatly attenuated due to scattering or absorption. Radio receives the radio waves, decodes this information, and uses a speaker to change it back into a sound wave. An illustration of this process is given below: A sound wave is produced with a frequency of 5 Hz - 20 kHz. A microphone converts the sound wave into an electrical signal. The electrical wave traveling through the microphone wire is analogous to the original sound wave.
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The electrical wave is used to encode or modulate a highfrequency "carrier" radio wave. The carrier wave itself does not include any of the sound information until it has been modulated. The carrier wave can either be amplitude modulated (AM, top) by the electrical signal, or frequency modulated (FM, bottom). The signal is transmitted by a radio broadcast tower. Radio contains an antenna to detect the transmitted signal, a tuner to pick out the desired frequency, a demodulator to extract the original sound wave from the transmitted signal, and an amplifier which sends the signal to the speakers. The speakers convert the electrical signal into physical vibrations (sound).

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RADIO SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES
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Easy to generate. Can travel long distances.

Can penetrate buildings easily, used for both indoors and outdoors. Are omnidirectional , so do not have to carefully aligned physically.
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DISADVANTAGES
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At high frequency radio waves tend to travel in straight lines and bounce off obstacles. Power falls off sharply with distance from the source , roughly as 1/r2 in air. At all frequencies, radio waves are subject to interference from motors and other electrical equipment. Also absorbed by rain.

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CLASSICAL VS. MODERN-:

Classical radio communications systems use frequency12/10/2013

division multiplexing (FDM) as a strategy to split up and share the available radio-frequency bandwidth for use by different parties communications concurrently. Modern radio communication systems include those that divide up a radio-frequency band by time-division multiplexing (TDM). These systems offer different tradeoffs in supporting multiple users, beyond the FDM strategy that was ideal for broadcast radio but less so for applications such as mobile telephony.

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THANK YOU

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