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Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–2 Application of commutative law of multiplication.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–3 Application of associative law of addition. Open file F0403 to verify.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–4 Application of associative law of multiplication. Open file F0404 to verify.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–5 Application of distributive law. Open file F0405 to verify.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–6
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–7
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–8
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–9
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–10
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–11
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–12
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–13
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–14
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–15 Gate equivalencies and the corresponding truth tables that illustrate DeMorgan’s theorems. Notice the equality of the two
output columns in each table. This shows that the equivalent gates perform the same logic function.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–16 A logic circuit showing the development of the Boolean expression for the output.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–17 Gate circuits for Example 4–8. Open file F0417 to verify equivalency.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–18 Implementation of the SOP expression AB + BCD + AC.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–19 This NAND/NAND implementation is equivalent to the AND/OR in Figure 4–18.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–20 Implementation of the POS expression (A + B)(B + C + D)(A + C).
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–21 A 3variable Karnaugh map showing product terms.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–22 A 4variable Karnaugh map.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–23 Adjacent cells on a Karnaugh map are those that differ by only one variable. Arrows point between adjacent cells.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–24 Example of mapping a standard SOP expression.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–25
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–26
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–27
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–28
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–29
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–30
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–31
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–32
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–33
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–34
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–35 Example of mapping directly from a truth table to a Karnaugh map.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–36 Example of the use of “don’t care” conditions to simplify an expression.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–37 Example of mapping a standard POS expression.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–38
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–39
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–40
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–41
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–42 A 5variable Karnaugh map.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–43 Illustration of groupings of 1s in adjacent cells of a 5variable map.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–44
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–45 A VHDL program for a 2input AND gate.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–46
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–47 Sevensegment display format showing arrangement of segments.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–48 Display of decimal digits with a 7segment device.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–49 Arrangements of 7segment LED displays.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–50 Block diagram of 7segment logic and display.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–51 Karnaugh map minimization of the segmenta logic expression.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–52 The minimum logic implementation for segment a of the 7segment display.
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–53
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–54
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–55
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–56
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–57
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–58
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–59
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–60
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–61
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–62
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–63
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–64
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–65
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.
Figure 4–66
Thomas L. Floyd Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Digital Fundamentals, 9e All rights reserved.