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Breeding Systems
Purebreeding Cross Breeding Outcrossing Inbreeding Grading up
Purebred Breeding
An animal of a particular breed Both parents are purebred Characteristics of the breed Eligible for registry in breed association Tend to be genetically homozygous Specialized business
Closebreeding
Most intensive Animals are very closely related and can be traced back to more than 1 common ancestor Examples:
Sire to daughter Son to dam Brother to sister
Crossbreeding (X)
Mating two animals of different breeds Offspring is a Hybrid Usually results in improved traits because dominant genes mask undesirable recessive genes Superior traits that result from crossbreeding are called hybrid vigor or heterosis
Grading Up
Mating purebred males to grade females Good way to improve quality Less expensive Use of purebred sires long enough will eventually lead to the amount of grade breeding left in the offspring being less than 1%
Outcrossing
Mating of animals of different families within the same breed Animals are not closely related Purpose is to bring into the breeding program traits that are desirable but not present in the original animals Used most by purebred breeders Popular because it reduces the chances of undeniable traits are still present Sometimes used in inbreeding programs to bring in needed traits
Cattle Breeds
size
Desirable traits
Describing origin
Breed + originated in + The Angus originated in Northern Scotland. Breed + was developed in + The Brahman breed was developed in the US from the blending of three breeds of Indian cattle.
reddish
Solid black