Automation Lecture 4.

Structure of control system

Control software actuating drive controller actuating unit actuator Process or plant

transducer

sensors

transmitter

operator desk

Standard signals Material flow Simulation software

Visualization software SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition)

Variables

Relay

When a current flows through the coil, the resulting magnetic field attracts an armature that is mechanically linked to a moving contact. The movement either makes or breaks a connection with a fixed contact. When the current to the coil is switched off, the armature is returned by a force approximately half as strong as the magnetic force to its relaxed position. Usually this is a spring, but gravity is also used commonly in industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a low voltage application, this is to reduce noise. In a high voltage or high current application, this is to reduce arcing.

PLC Programmable Logic Controller

PLCs were invented as replacements for automated systems that would use hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers. Often, a single PLC can be programmed to replace thousands of relays. Programmable controllers were initially adopted by the automotive manufacturing industry, where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed.

IEC 61131-3
Part 3 of IEC 61131 deals with programming languages and defines two graphical and two textual PLC programming language standards: Ladder logic (graphical) Function block diagram (graphical) Structured text (textual) Instruction list (textual) The standard also defines both graphical and textual sequential function chart elements to organize programs for sequential and parallel control processing.

IEC 61131-3 Programming languages / Industrial Control Programming

Standardizing the way people work with controls

IEC 61131-3 Programming languages / Industrial Control Programming

...with support for people with different background

The IEC 61131-3 Programming Languages

Instruction List LD ANDN ST A B C C:= A AND NOT B Structured Text

Function Block Diagram

AN D

Ladder Diagram
A B C -| |--|/|----------------( )

A C B

Sequential Function Chart, SFC

Powerful graphical technique for describing the sequential behavior of a control program Used to partition a control problem Shows overview, also suitable for rapid diagnostics
Step 1 N FILL

Transition 1

Step 2 Empty

S
Transition 2

Step 3

Program Organization

PLC families example

Small compact PLC-s with low I/O capability Small PLCs with extendable I/Os Medium PLC-s Large PLC-s Process Stations

Siemens LOGO

Siemens Simatic S7-200

Siemes Simatic S7-300

Siemens Simatic S7-400

Phoenix Products
IEC 200
IEC 350

RFC 400