GIT hormones are

Gastrin

CCK
VIP

Secretin
Somatostatin

Motilin
Entero-glucagon

Glucagon
Neurotensin

GRP

Villikinin

Gastrin
1-Site of release:

G- cells in the antral part of gastric mucosa and duodenal mucosa

Types
Gastrin 34 34 amino acid Big gastrin Secrete during the interdigestive period (between meals) Secreted at low basal levels

Stimulus for release:

gastric distension

chemical factors (secretagogues) e.g. amino acid , coffee, alcohol, vegetables. vagal stimulation (bombesin)

Gastrin
Actions: Stomach: ++ secretions (HCL)

++ pyloric pump

trophic factor to the mucosa

Small intestine: ++ motility

Pancreas: ++ secretions (enzymes)

Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin)
Site of release:

Mucosa of the upper small intestine (jejunum)

Stimulus:
digestive products of

fats and proteins (+ve feedback)

less by acids

synthesized as a pre-prohormone It has 2 types of receptors:

1)CCK A in the pancreatic acinar cell 2)CCK B in brain and stomach

Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin)
3- Actions:
Pancreas:

* ++secretions ( rich in enzymes by action

* stimulates glucagon secretion

on pancreatic acini ) * augment secretin

Stimulate pancreatic growth Gall bladder:++ evacuation (cholagogue) Small intestine: ++ secretions & motility Stomach: -- secretions (HCL) & motility

Secretin
Site of release:

Mucosa of the upper small intestine as prosecretin and activated by acid into secretin Stimulus:

acid chyme (-ve feedback)

Secretin
Actions:
Pancreas: * ++secretions (copious and very alkaline by action on pancreatic ducts)

*augment CCK
Biliary:++bile rich in H2O+HCO3(choleretic Stomach:

-- secretions & motility ++ secretions but -- motility

Small intestine:

Vaso-active intestinal peptide (VIP)

Site of release:

Glands and neurons throughout the intestine Stimulus:

neural stimulation

distension
Acid chyme

Vaso-active intestinal peptide (VIP)

Actions: Pancreas: * ++secretions (copious and alkaline by
action on pancreatic ducts) Stomach:

-- secretions & relax smooth muscles &

stimulating pepsinogen secretion by chief cells

Small intestine: ++secretions but relax smooth muscles

Blood vessels: vasodilatation

Somatostatin
Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH) or Somatotropin Release-Inhibiting Factor

Site of release: D- cells in pancreas , GIT mucosa and hypothalamus Stimulus:

according to site of release

Somatostatin
Actions:

Stomach: -- secretions & motility

Small intestine: -- secretions & motility

Pancreas: -- secretions Gall bladder: -- evacuation

Motilin
Site of release:
M cells in small intestine(duodenum and jejunum) Stimulus Unknown, although some studies suggest that an alkaline pH in the duodenum stimulates its release

Actions:
1-increases the migratory motor complex

villikinin
Local hormone released by intestinal mucosa

stimulus: digestive products of food.

Action: it stimulates movements of villi and help absorption.