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Understanding that the smallest amount of a substance affects the organism A person can enter a room two days after a cat has left it and still suffer an allergic response.
Yolene Thomas, Larbi Kahhak and Jamal Aissa (2006) The physical nature of the biological signal, a puzzling phenomenon: the critical contribution of Jacques Benveniste, In Water and the Cell, 325-340, Ed. Gerald Polack, Springer.
electromagnetic transmission of biochemical information can be stored in the electric dipole moments of water in close analogy to the manner in which magnetic moments store information on a computer disk.
A. Widom, Y.N. Srivastava, V. Valenzi The Biophysical Basis of Water Memory , http://jacquesbenveniste.org/bio_conf_widom.pdf
Vibrational Spectroscopy IR, NIR IR Infrared spectroscopy NIR Near infrared spectroscopy (overtone IR) IR active transition electric dipole moment of molecule changes NIR overtone spectroscopy can measure water in-vivo
WATER SPECTRUM
IR range
fundamental frequencies
NIR range
overtone region
AQUAPHOTOMICS:
water
NIR spectrum
WAMACS = Water Matrix Coordinates, i.e. water absorbance bands in VIS-NIR range
Bio measurement Technology Laboratory, Kobe University, Japan
Water structures should be the LETTERS and water functionalities will be described as WORDS
AQUAPHOTOMICS
Perturbations Experiments Data Analysis
Water
Sun
NIRS
UVVISIR
Engineering
GOAL
Biotechnology
bio-system
HOLISTIC MODELS
Building
Basic Science
Analyzing of aqueous system Interaction of water with DNA Interaction of water with organic and non-organic molecules Aqueous systems in cells Aqueous systems in tissue Aqueous systems in organs Aqueous systems in whole body
AQUAPHOTOME
Database of water absorbance bands and patterns WAPS Database of water absorbance patterns according to change perturbation
through
1362 1382
1492nm (S4)
1372nm (V1+V3)
1452 1372
Absorbance
MPA
VAPOR WATER
1464nm (S2)
1300
1410
1580
1680
1444nm (S1)
moisture
1438nm (H5O2)
water
A'
A : Absorbance after EMSC (1300-1600 nm) Mean of Averaged spectra SD of absorbance each wave length
APPROACHING WATER with MONITORING Following the idea of QUANTUM SPECTROSCOPY where
matter is excited and probed with a sequence of light pulses at defined frequencies IN ORDER TO control and characterize quantum dynamics of many-body states1
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum-optical_spectroscopy
1,2,3,4,5
20
35
690
[T, min]
Temperature Changes
Room temperature 26.6 26.4 26.2 26.0 25.8 25.6 25.4 25.2 25.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 time(minute)
room temperature()
experiment
1 2 3
Humidity Changes
Humidity 50.0 40.0
experiment
humidity(%)
1 2 3
Weight Changes
experiment (g) before after difference 1st 10.9324 10.9088 0.0236 2nd 11.0326 10.9981 0.0345 3rd 10.9596 10.9302 0.0294
LOSS of Water
1st exp 0.22% 2nd exp 0.31% 3rd exp 0.27%
weight(g)
difference after
1482
1474 1530
934
1368
1490 1842
wavelength(nm)
Water Spectra
Wavelengths, nm
1.15
1.1
a.u.
1.05
1.2
0.95
00 1 00 4 03 5 08 0 12 5 17 0 21 5 26 0 32 0
1.15
626nm
Time, min
1.1
a.u.
1.05 1 0.95
772nm 810nm
001
004
035
080
125
170
215
260
Time, min
320
1 2 3 4 5 6
1446nm Log1/T
972nm
1192nm
nm
Samples
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PdG (ng/ml) 100 50 25 12.5 6.25 3.13 1.56 0.781 0.391 0.195
Pregnanediol glucuronide
Raw spectra
Absorbance
400
700
1100
1880
2500
Wavelength (nm)
Absorbance
2262 nm
Wavelength (nm)
R = 0.7195
Absorbance at 2262 nm
0.955
Exclude
0.95
0.945
0.94
0.935
8 samples 80 spectra
R=0.999 SEC=1.42
1366
1580
1334
1432 1410
1470
Spectral data of each sample are divided into two groups depending on amplitudes of electromagnetic signal (EMS). 1) Higher EShigher or normal EMS, 2) Lower ESlower EMS
34
ES
2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
Higher ES Lower ES
Sample
ES
2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
36
658 674
776 790
900 838
1084
1030 1184 1124
1814
1274 1616 1326 636 1208 808 930 1560 1364 1056 1136 1376 1114 754 1422 872 998 1486 702
1760
1858
Wavelength (nm)
Sample
ES
2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
37
DNA-HIV-Patient DNA-HIV-104bp DNA-HIV-137bp (1st) DNA-HIV-137bp (2nd) DNA-HIV-194bp DNA-HIV-300bp DNA-E.Coli (1st) DNA-E.Coli (2nd) DNA-Borr Water-DW Water-MilliQ Water-Kobe Wave-HIV-104bp Wave-Borr Wave-DW Cross Check LB
Higher ES Lower ES
Sample
ES
2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
38
DNA-HIV-Patient DNA-HIV-104bp DNA-HIV-137bp (1st) DNA-HIV-137bp (2nd) DNA-HIV-194bp DNA-HIV-300bp DNA-E.Coli (1st) DNA-E.Coli (2nd) DNA-Borr Water-DW Water-MilliQ Water-Kobe Wave-HIV-104bp
606
1376
1442
1526 1646 1702 1744 1846 1788
1668 1566
746
1872
Wavelength (nm)
measurement
Filter 2 (100nm)
1/101/10 1/101/10 1/101/10 1/101/101/10
10 stage
40
NIR Spectroscopy
Sample : E.coli DNA Spectrometer : NIRSystems 6500 Temperature : room temperature Consective spectra : 3 times Date : 2011/06/23 (Exp. 1) 2011/06/25 (Exp. 2)
41
Results
D2NF D2F450NM D2F450+100 or 20nm D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 Exp. 1 1042 1042 1060 1125 1107 1004 990 760 765 709 671 1188 1170 1596 1589 1480 Exp. 2 801 801 832 855 829 798 768 809 575 635 610 584 865 801 807 809
ES : Electromagnatic signal
42
Raw spectra
Exp. 1 Exp. 2
Absorbance (-)
Absorbance (-)
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
Raw spectra
EMS NS
Absorbance (-)
Exp. 1
Absorbance (-)
Exp. 2
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
Absorbance (-)
Absorbance (-)
Wavelength (nm)
Wavelength (nm)
44
770
910
736 748
1416 1384 1460 1362 Absorbance (-)
1410
Wavelength (nm)
45
Exp. 2
Middle range
1436
1452
40000
1382
20000
1360 1560
1622 1652
-20000
1552
-40000
Test : Exp. 2
R2 = 0.61 SEP = 250.3
1404
-60000
1410
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
wavelength (nm)
Model : averaged spectra (1st 3rd ) Test : averaged spectra (1st 3rd ) Transform : Smooth (9)
47
1336nm (aqueous proton [H+(H2O)6] - H2O asymmetric stretch, 1st overt.), 1358nm (H17O8+ free OH stech, 1st overt.), 1374-78nm(aqueous proton [H+(H2O)3] - H3O+ symmetric stretch, ), 1398nm 1421-28nm, 1460nm, 1482nm, 1678nm, 1742nm(1st overtone Superoxide Tetrahydrate O2.(H2O)2 ), 1792nm (1st overtone Superoxide Tetrahydrate O2-.(H2O)3)
A : Absorbance after MSC (1110 nm 1800 nm) : Mean of all the spectra (with NF, F1) : SD of absorbance each wavelength
1344
2.5
1518
1.5 0.5 -0.5
-1.5
1364
1492
1372
1474
-2.5
1382
1464
1398
1444
1410
1438
50
Lowest Signal
1344
2.5
1518
1.5 0.5 -0.5
-1.5
1364
1492
1372
1474
-2.5
1382
1464
1398
1444
1410
1438
51
1344
2.5
1518
1.5 0.5 -0.5
-1.5
1364
1492
1372
1474
-2.5
1382
1464
1398
1444
1410
1438
52
1344
2.5
1518
1.5 0.5 -0.5
-1.5
1364
1492
1372
1474
-2.5
1382
1464
1398
1444
1410
1438
53
Highest Signal
1344
2.5
1518
1.5 0.5 -0.5
-1.5
1364
1492
1372
1474
-2.5
1382
1464
1398
1444
1410
1438
54
55
Contactless Influence
Samples
1) LB (LB medium) 2) LB+A (LB medium + Ampicillin)
Sample Preparation - 2
Open-top
LB LB+A
Sample Name
Control
Closed
Cont_LB Cont_LBA
2) Measuring a spectrum
NIRSystems 6500
LB LB + A
LB + A and LB in LB+A
LB: inside LBA: outside LB: measured LB: inside LBA: outside LBA: measured
Difference in WAMACS
Loadings of PC Factors 1-red,2-green,3-blue
Close Top C WAMACS: 1410nm, So
1462nm, S2
1362nm 1398nm solvation solvation shell shell 1420nm hydration Open Top A WAMACS: 1362, 1398, 1410, 1420, 1462, 1490, 1538nm
1412nm, So
1486nm 1366nm solvation 1368, shell 1386nm
1428nm hydration
63
Sample preparation
Location of samples
Distilled water
10 mL at each sample
1
Call Milli-Q water
Duration of call 0 minute 5 minutes 10 minutes 15 minutes 20 minutes Receive
12/16/2013
64
Spectral measurement
Spectrometer: NIRSystems6500(Foss NIRSystems) Mode: Transmittance Path length: 1mm Temperature: Room temperature Consecutive times: 3 times
Materials Cellular phone (PT002, KDDI, 800MHz) Milli-Q water Distilled water
12/16/2013
65
66
SIMCA
Interclass distance CS1@8 CS2@6 CS1 0.000000 6.163845 CS2 6.163845 0.000000
67
1452nm
Absorbance (-)
1.2
0 1110nm 1800nm
12/16/2013
68
Factor1(-) [66.60%]
Factor1(-) [66.60%]
12/16/2013 Biomeasurement technology laboratory
Factor2(-) [33.00%]
69
0.1
Optimal factors: 10 Preprocessing: mean center Transforms: smooth(17) Validation: cross(1) : Factor1 : Factor2 : Factor3 : Factor4
Loadings (-)
-0.1
Number
Wavelength 1364nm 1386nm 1412nm 1414nm 1426nm 1430nm 1490nm 1492nm 1508nm 70
1110nm
1800nm
Wavelength (nm)
12/16/2013
Preprocessing: mean center Transforms: smooth(17) Class Variable: duration Optimal factors (duration): 5 (0 minute) 4 (5 minutes) 5 (10 minutes) 5 (15 minutes) 4 (20 minutes)
Accuracy
99.0%
No match 0
98.5%
98.75%
Actual 2
Actual 3 Actual 4 Actual 5
1
0 0 0
7
0 0 0
0
8 0 0
0
0 8 0
0
0 0 8
0
0
98.0%
Model Test
97.5%
97.50%
0 0
97.0%
12/16/2013
71
Preprocessing: mean center Transforms: smooth(17) Class Variable: duration Optimal factors (duration): 5 (0 minute) 20 minutes 4 (5 minutes) 9.79 5 (10 minutes) 5 (15 minutes) 10.94 4 (20 minutes)
7.24 2.61 : Over 3.00
SIMCA
Discriminating power: WAMACS
Discriminating power (-)
1800nm
1110nm Number
12/16/2013
Wavelength (nm) 1228nm 1270nm 1366nm 1424nm 1468nm 1482nm 1642nm 1674nm 1704nm 1732nm 1756nm
1544nm
1556, 1562, 1568nm 1598nm 1622nm
1796nm
73
Sample preparation
A cell phone called the opposite one near some kinds of waters in test tubes.
Cellular phone PT002, KDDI, 800MHz (another one is the same one)
5 kinds water (Milli-Q water, distilled water, gold water, silver water, and bronze water) 4 kinds of duration of call (5,10,15,20min) 2 (Irradiated or no) 2 locations =80 samples
call
receive
Spectra measurement
Spectrometer : MPA Mode : Taransmittance Consecutive times : 3 times Path length : 1mm Temperature : room temperatrure Wavelength range : 800-2500nm
Raw spectra
Absorbance(-)
800
1800
2500
1489
factor3 factor5 factor4
factor1
factor2
factor3
factor4
factor5
factor4
factor3
factor1
factor2
factor3
factor4
SEC=0.00080 R=1.00
SEC=0.013 R=1.00
SEC=0.0010 R=1.00
SEC=0.020 R=1.00
SEC=0.0013 R=1.00
SEC=0.013 R=1.00
SEC=0.0007 R=1.00
SEC=0.10 R=1.00
SEC=0.0010 R=1.00
SEC=0.015 R=1.00
All models showed high accuracy Measurement order tests showed high accuracy, but duration of irradiation time tests showed very low accuracy.
Measurement order
predicted 1(5min) predicted 2(15min) predicted 3(10min) predicted 4(20min) No match actual 1(5min) 40 0 0 0 actual 2(15min) 0 40 0 0 actual 3(10min) 0 0 40 0 actual 4(20min) 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0
Preprocessing : Mean-center
Measurement order
PredCS1@5 1(5min) 2(15min) 3(10min) 4(20min) Unmodeled 20 0 0 0 0 PredCS2@5 0 20 0 0 0 PredCS3@5 0 0 20 0 0 PredCS4@6 0 0 0 20 0 No match 0 0 0 0 0
Classification: SIMCA
Both of two patterns of model sets showed high accuracy. Interclass distance of duration of irradiation model set showed high values, but they showed very low accuracy in prediction. Measurement order prediction showed 100% accuracy. The effect of cell phone could be controlled by the water
NAFION AND EZ
Naphion
WAMACS: 1378nm, 1388, 1394, 1404 1414nm(-), 1438-1440nm(+), 1454nm(+), 1464nm(+), 1480nm(+), 1496nm last sharp max Blue: Water : consecutive spectra (first subtracted) WAMACS: 1386nm (+) first max 1414nm (-) 1446 -1448nm second max 1464min 1474 1480nm max
Water
ONLY Naphion: 3 consecutive measurements, 1st one subtracted WAMACS: 1324nm (-), 1340nm (+), 1420nm (+), 1444nm (+)?, 1458nm(+), 1498nm (-), 1520nm, 1526nm (+), 1538 1558nm (+) These are water molecules in the air
Effect of magnetic force on the electrical conductivity and spectra of milliQ water
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
RESULTS
Red line are 9 consecutive spectra of mQ water (second consecutive subtracted). S-N blue, N-S dark green, S-S brown, NN light green
1432nm OHR,, ncII) and DDA OH-(H2O)4, 1448 1458nm, O-HCl, deionized water, 1stover tone of O-H stretch, DDA symmetric stretch of OH-(H2O)4,5, 1492nm,second overtone of bending and symmetric str vibr., S4. Very small increase in 1464nm, S2, working horses and 1518nm.; 1667nm 1682nm O-HR, H13O6+ H-bonded OH strech, 1st overt. Decrease in S1, 1441nm!!!Dicrease in H-bonded OH stretch1477nm; 1479.3nm, 1482nm, IHB/HOH bend (OH-H2O) and H5O2 (terminal water) at. Decrease of aqueous protons. Isosbestic point moves from 1438nm to 1420nm.
Measurement order
conductivity, S/cm (1st measurement)
No magnet
S-N
N-S 3.
number of data
Legend S-S pink N-N blue S-N red N-S green mQ brown
Perturbations
Functiona lities
stress tolerance
Temperature
first overtone
DNA
biomolecules: proteins, sugars, lipids, alcohols etc.
Illumination Concentration
probiotics dehydration
Magnetic field
solvation shells
hydration
Dillution
oxidation
Conclusion
Water Matrix Coordinates are the Letters or the Characters related to water structures Water Spectral Patterns are the words that speak about functionalities Huge data base, i.e. Aquaphotome has to be organized in order to learn the language of water and to measure and understand weak signals