TUTORIAL 2 SOLUTIONS

Lecturer: Miss Anis Atikah Ahmad

Tel: +604 976 8190
Email: anisatikah@unimap.edu.my
The exothermic reaction
A--->B + C
was carried out adiabatically and the following data recorded:




The entering molar flow rate of A was 300 mol/min.
(a) What are the PFR and CSTR volumes necessary to achieve 40 % conversion?
(b) Over what range of conversions would the CSTR and PFR reactor volumes be
identical?
(c) What is the maximum conversion that can be achieved in a 105 dm
3
CSTR?
(d) What conversion can be achieved if a 72 dm
3
PFR is followed in series by a 24
dm
3
CSTR?
(e) What conversion can be achieved if a 24 dm
3
CSTR is followed in a series by a 72
dm
3
PFR?
(f) Plot the conversion and rate of reaction as a function of PFR reactor volume up to a
volume of 100 dm
3
.

QUESTIONS
X 0 0.2 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9
-r
A

(mol/dm
3
.
min
1.0 1.67 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 1.25 0.91
PART (A)
Recall Simpson One-
Third Rule Formula:
PFR Volume:



Using Simpson One-Third Rule;




}

=
X
A
A PFR
r
dX
F V
0
0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
h X X
X X
h where
X f X f X f
h
dX X f
X
X
+ =

=
+ + =
}
0 1
0 2
2 1 0
2
4
3
2
0
X h A = =

= 2 . 0
2
0 4 . 0
, 4 . 0 , 2 . 0 , 0
2 1 0
= = = X X X
(

=
+
=
+
=
A
=
) 4 . 0 ( ) 2 . 0 (
4
) 0 ( 3
0 0 0
X r
F
X r
F
X r
F X
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
PFR
What are the PFR and CSTR volumes
necessary to achieve 40 % conversion?
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.5 1
F
A
0
/
-
r
A

X
PART (A)
X 0 0.2 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9
-r
A

(mol/dm
3
.min)
1.0 1.67 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 1.25 0.91
F
A0
/-r
A
(dm
3
)

300 180 60 60 60 60 240 330
(

=
+
=
+
=
A
=
) 4 . 0 ( ) 2 . 0 (
4
) 0 ( 3
0 0 0
X r
F
X r
F
X r
F X
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
PFR
( ) | | 60 180 4 300
3
2 . 0
+ + =
3
72dm =
Levelspiel
Plot
V
PFR
PART (A)
CSTR Volume:



Substituting the value of F
A0
/r
A
at X=0.4;




A
A
CSTR
r
X F
V

=
0
( ) 4 . 0 60
3
dm V
CSTR
=
3
24dm =
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.5 1
F
A
0
/
-
r
A

X
V
CSTR
Levelspiel
Plot
PART (B)
Over what range of conversions would the CSTR
and PFR reactor volumes be identical?
( )
A
A
A
A
r
F
dX
r
F

}
4 . 0 6 . 0
0
6 . 0
4 . 0
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
F
A
0
/
-
r
A

X
The volume of
both reactors
are identical at
X=0.4-0.6,
6 . 0
4 . 0
6 . 0
4 . 0
CSTR PFR
V V =
From Levelspiel Plot;











PART (B)
Over what range of conversions would the CSTR
and PFR reactor volumes be identical?
(

=
+
=
+
=
A
=
) 6 . 0 ( ) 5 . 0 (
4
) 4 . 0 ( 3
0 0 0
X r
F
X r
F
X r
F X
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
PFR
X h A = =

= 1 . 0
2
4 . 0 6 . 0
2 . 0 , 1 . 0 , 0
2 1 0
= = = X X X
( ) | |
3
12 60 60 4 60
3
1 . 0
dm = + +
|
.
|

\
|
=
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 3
1 2
0 1 2 0
12 2 . 0 60 dm dm X X
r
F
r
X X F
V
exit
A
A
exit
A
A
CSTR
= =

=
Using Simpson
One-Third Rule
Proving by calculation;

Volume of PFR
Volume of CSTR
By trial and error, calculate what is X that gives a
CSTR volume of 105 dm
3


Trial 1: X=0.6,










PART (C)
What is the maximum conversion that can be
achieved in a 105 dm
3
CSTR?
( )
3 3
0
36 6 . 0 60 dm dm
r
X F
V
A
A
CSTR
= =

=
Trial 2: X=0.8,

( )
3 3
0
192 8 . 0 240 dm dm
r
X F
V
A
A
CSTR
= =

=
Trial 3: X=0.7,

( )
3 3
0
105 7 . 0 150 dm dm
r
X F
V
A
A
CSTR
= =

=
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.5 1
F
A
0
/
-
r
A

X
X=0.7

The max conversion can be achieved in 105 dm
3
of CSTR is 0.7

By trial and error, calculate what is X
2

that gives a CSTR volume of 24 dm
3


Trial 1: X=0.6,



Trial 2: X=0.7,






PART (D)
What conversion can be achieved if a 72 dm
3
PFR
is followed in series by a 24 dm
3
CSTR?
( )
( )
( )
3 3
1 2 0
12 4 . 0 6 . 0 60 dm dm
r
X X F
V
exit
A
A
CSTR
= =

=
X
2
=?
X
1
=0.4
F
A0
=300 mol/dm
3
V
CSTR
=24 dm
3
V
PFR
=72 dm
3
( )
( )
( )
3 3
1 2 0
45 4 . 0 7 . 0 150 dm dm
r
X X F
V
exit
A
A
CSTR
= =

=
Now, we know
that the
conversion must
be between 0.6-
0.7.
From part (a)
Trial 3: X=0.64,









PART (D)
What conversion can be achieved if a 72 dm
3
PFR
is followed in series by a 24 dm
3
CSTR?
( )
( )
exit
A
A
CSTR
r
X X F
V

=
1 2 0
X
2
=?
X
1
=0.4
F
A0
=300 mol/dm
3
V
CSTR
=24 dm
3
V
PFR
=72 dm
3
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.5 1
F
A
0
/
-
r
A

X
X=0.64

( )
3 3
24 4 . 0 64 . 0 100 dm dm = =
X=0.64 can be achieved if a 72 dm
3
PFR is
followed in series by a 24 dm
3
CSTR.

By trial and error, calculate what is X
2
that gives a PFR volume of 72 dm
3

Trial 1: X=0.8,








PART (E)
What conversion can be achieved if a 24 dm
3
CSTR
is followed in a series by a 72 dm
3
PFR?
X
2
=?
X
1
=0.4
F
A0
=300 mol/dm
3
V
CSTR
=24 dm
3
V
PFR
=72 dm
3
(

=
+
=
+
=
A
=
) 8 . 0 ( ) 6 . 0 (
4
) 4 . 0 ( 3
0 0 0
X r
F
X r
F
X r
F X
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
PFR
X h A = =

= 2 . 0
2
4 . 0 8 . 0
, 8 . 0 , 6 . 0 , 4 . 0
2 1 0
= = = X X X
( ) | |
3
36 240 60 4 60
3
2 . 0
dm = + + =
From part (a)
By trial and error, calculate what is X
2
that gives a PFR volume of 72 dm
3

Trial 2: X=0.9,








PART (E)
What conversion can be achieved if a 24 dm
3
CSTR
is followed in a series by a 72 dm
3
PFR?
X
2
=?
X
1
=0.4
F
A0
=300 mol/dm
3
V
CSTR
=24 dm
3
V
PFR
=72 dm
3
(

=
+
=
+
=
A
=
) 9 . 0 ( ) 65 . 0 (
4
) 4 . 0 ( 3
0 0 0
X r
F
X r
F
X r
F X
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
PFR
X h A = =

= 25 . 0
2
4 . 0 9 . 0
, 9 . 0 , 65 . 0 , 4 . 0
2 1 0
= = = X X X
( ) | |
3
17 . 68 330 107 4 60
3
25 . 0
dm = + + =
Trial 3: X=0.91,








PART (E)
What conversion can be achieved if a 24 dm
3
CSTR
is followed in a series by a 72 dm
3
PFR?
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.5 1
F
A
0
/
-
r
A

X
(

=
+
=
+
=
A
=
) 91 . 0 ( ) 655 . 0 (
4
) 4 . 0 ( 3
0 0 0
X r
F
X r
F
X r
F X
V
A
A
A
A
A
A
PFR
X h A = =

= 255 . 0
2
4 . 0 91 . 0
, 91 . 0 , 655 . 0 , 4 . 0
2 1 0
= = = X X X
( ) | |
3
91 . 71 346 110 4 60
3
25 . 0
dm = + + =
X=0.91 can be achieved if a 24 dm
3

CSTR is followed in a series by a 72 dm
3
PFR
PART (F)
Plot the conversion and rate of reaction as a
function of PFR reactor volume up to a volume of
100 dm
3
?
X 0 0.2 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.9
-r
A

(mol/dm
3
.min)
1.0 1.67 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 1.25 0.91
F
A0
/-r
A
(dm
3
)

300 180 60 60 60 60 240 330
V
PFR
(dm
3
)
0 48 72 76.5 80 84 104 130.5
PART (F)
Plot the conversion and rate of reaction as a
function of PFR reactor volume up to a volume of
100 dm
3
?
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 20 40 60 80 100
X

V
PFR
(dm
3
)

0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
0 20 40 60 80 100
-
r
A

(
m
o
l
/
d
m
3
.
m
i
n
)

V
PFR
(dm
3
)
THANK YOU