HEART TALK

Dr. Rahul Gupta

MD,DM(Cardiology)
Mittal Hospital & Research Centre,
Ajmer
Introduction
 CVD is nation’s No. 1 killer
 It kills over 910,000 in the U.S. every year
 Number one killer in India also.
 1/3rd death due to sudden cardiac arrest.
 80% SCA at home.
 95% SCA patients dies before reaching hospital
What is cardio-vascular disease.
 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) includes -
- coronary artery disease(Myocardial
Infarction,USA,CSA)
- Stroke & TIA
-Hypertension
-Heart failure
- Peripheral vascular disease
Risk factors

 Factors that increase a person’s chance of

developing a heart attack or related heart disease.

 There are risk factors that can be changed, treated

or modified and risk factors that cannot be changed.
Risk factors
 Risk Factors You Can’t Change, Treat or Modify

• Increasing Age
• Heredity
• Race
• Gender (male sex)
Risk factors
 Risk factors You Can Change, Treat or Modify

• High blood pressure

• High blood cholesterol
• Tobacco smoke
• Overweight and obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Diabetes
Risk factors
 Risk factors You Can Change, Treat or Modify

• High blood pressure

• High blood cholesterol
• Tobacco smoke
• Overweight and obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Diabetes
Risk factors
 Other Factors That Can Affect Your Risk

• Individual response to stress

• Drinking too much alcohol

• Illegal drugs
What we can do to prevent CHD
 The steps to prevention:

• Know the risk factors

• Identify your risk factors

• Take action to lower your risk

factors
What we can do to prevent CHD
 Make Healthy Lifestyle Changes

• Control high blood pressure

• Don’t smoke. If you smoke, quit. Avoid
second hand smoke.
• Maintain healthy cholesterol levels
• Be physically active
• Reduce excess weight or maintain a healthy
weight
• Eat a healthful diet
 What we can do to prevent CHD
 Make Healthy Lifestyle Changes

• Do not Drink alcohol

• Learn to relax and deal with your stress

• Get friends and family to join you in healthy living

• Take action in your community and workplace

 What we can do to prevent CHD
 Educate Yourself!

• You’re worth it!

• The information is easy to get

• “Learn and Live”

What is cholesterol.
• Cholesterol is a fat like substance made primarily in
the liver.

• The body needs cholesterol for important biological

functions.

• Typically, the body makes all the cholesterol it

needs.
What is cholesterol.
 •Why Is Cholesterol Control Important?

• Too much cholesterol in the blood increases the risk

that fatty deposits (plaque) will form in arteries.

• These plaques limit the amount of blood that can flow

through the artery.

• If a plaque ruptures, blood clots can form and block

the artery resulting in a heart attack or stroke.
What is cholesterol.
 “Good” and “Bad” Cholesterol

• HDL cholesterol is the “good” kind

• High HDL lowers your heart disease and

stroke risk

• LDL cholesterol is the “bad” kind

• LDL cholesterol is deposited in artery walls

• High LDL raises your heart disease and stroke risk

Physical activity
 Physical Activity Helps You

• About 30% of Americans are active enough for good

heart health

• Physically inactive women are more likely to develop

heart disease

• Regular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

o improves your cardiovascular health
o helps reduce your risk of heart
disease
Physical activity

• Exercise helps you

o lower blood pressure
o control blood cholesterol levels
o reach and maintain a healthy weight
o manage diabetes
• For most healthy people, the American Heart
Association recommends 30–60 minutes of
physical activity on most or all days of the week
Eating right
Eating Right Helps You Help Yourself

Healthy food habits can help reduce some of the

risk factors for heart attack and stroke including:
• High blood cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Excess body weight
• Type II diabetes
What is Diabetes
Diabetes is defined as a fasting blood glucose of 126
milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or more.
• Type II diabetes is the most common
form and occurs when:
o Your body doesn’t make
enough insulin
o Your body doesn’t respond
properly to insulin
What is Diabetes
 How Dangerous Is Diabetes?

•Heart disease death rates for adults with diabetes are 2

to 4 times higher than for adults without diabetes

•Stroke risk is 2 to 4 times higher among people with

diabetes

•Causes nerve damage

What is Diabetes
 How Can I Reduce My Risk of Insulin
Resistance and Diabetes?

Changing life habits is the key. Start today by:

• Losing excess weight
• Being physically active
• Controlling cholesterol levels and blood
pressure
• Eating a healthful diet
What is Diabetes
 How Can I Reduce My Risk of Insulin
Resistance and Diabetes?

Changing life habits is the key. Start today by:

• Losing excess weight
• Being physically active
• Controlling cholesterol levels and blood
pressure
• Eating a healthful diet
Do you know a friend or relative who
has had a heart attack, or have you
ever had a heart attack yourself?
 Heart disease develops over time
as fatty build-up, or plaques, which
can narrow the path of blood flow to Time = Muscle
the heart

 Plaque breaks, causing a blood

clot

 Blood flow is blocked by the clot,

causing a heart attack

 If blockage continues, heart muscle

dies
 Chest pain or discomfort
 Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck or back
 Feeling weak, lightheaded, faint or sweaty
 Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulders
 Shortness of breath

Call :108
 Patient delay is the biggest cause of not
getting care fast

 Do not wait more than a few minutes —5 at

the most—to call 108
 Emergency providers can monitor the
condition and begin treatment on the way
to the hospital
 They can communicate with Emergency
doctors
 Person having a heart attack will be
seen more quickly
 Emergency Room can prepare for arrival
Time = Muscle
WARNING SIGNS
 Heart Attack Warning Signs

• Chest discomfort. Most heart attacks involve discomfort in the

center of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes, or that goes
away and comes back. It can feel like uncomfortable pressure,
squeezing, fullness or pain.
• Discomfort in other areas of the upper body. Symptoms can
include pain or discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw
or stomach.
• Shortness of breath. May occur with or without chest
discomfort.
• Other signs. These may include breaking out in a cold sweat,
nausea or lightheadedness.
Thank You