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do - motive comes from the Latin word, movere which means to move - what moves people to start, direct and continue doing tasks
EXTRINSIC
Instinct Approach
Humanistic Approach
APPROACHES TO MOTIVATION
DriveReduction Approach
Arousal Approach
Incentive Approach
Instinct Approach
anchored on the biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior that exists in both man and animals called instinct
Sexual Instincts
motivate behaviors related to organs
Selfpreservation instincts
motivate behaviors related to survival
Drive-Reduction Approach
involves the concepts of needs and drives by which an organism in need for survival finds itself in a psychological tension and physical arousal that motivate such organism to act to fulfill the need and reduce tension
Incentive Approach
human beings are motivated to engage in behaviors that are rewarded and avoid those behaviors that are punished
Arousal Approach
based on the work of Abraham Maslow, it favors a more positive view of human behavior. Maslow proposed that there are several levels of needs that a person must strive to meet before achieving the highest level of personality fulfillment
Self-actualization, the highest goal of all, represents a sort of an all-encompassing self-fulfillment. According to Maslow, the self-actualized individual is attuned to the realities of his or her existence. Maslows theory emphasizes the individuals own role in defining and creating his or her destiny.
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Be fully aware and focused in living your life Try something new rather than sticking to secure ways Listen to your feelings in evaluating experiences rather than to the voice of tradition, authority or the majority. Be honest; avoid pretenses or game playing. Be prepared to be unpopular if your views do not coincide with those of the majority. Assume responsibility. Work hard at whatever you decide to do. Identify your defenses and muster courage to give them up.
The Hunger Drive The Thirst Drive The Sex Drive The Sleep Drive
stomach becomes unusually active and one experiences what is known as the hunger pang. The hunger pangs and contractions of the stomach appear to depend on the chemical composition of the blood. When the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood falls below a certain point, the hunger drive is activated, signaling
2. The Thirst Drive It had been observed that when one is thirsty, the mouth and throat feel exceptionally dry and parched. However, recent studies indicate that the thirst drive is regulated by a specific part of the brain, the anterior hypothalamus. If the level of salt in the body increases, the anterior hypothalamus sends thirst messages.
3. The Sex Drive Although it is not essential to individual survival, sex is responsible for the preservation of species. Touch is the most obvious source of sexual arousal. Certain areas of the body, called erogenous zones, are particularly sensitive to touch.
4. The Sleep Drive This need is vitally important to survival and must be satisfied at periodic intervals. Recent studies suggest that the reticular activating system, the thalamus and the brainstem are involved in the regulation of sleep. Sleep takes two forms:
80% of sleep is spent in ordinary or none rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) 20% of sleep is spent in paradoxical or rapid eye movement sleep (REM)
Affiliation
Aggression Autonomy Dominance Exhibition Order Sex Understanding
Achievement To accomplish something difficult To rival and surpass others To increase self regard by the successful exercise of talents
Affiliation To adhere and remain loyal to a friend To enjoyably cooperate and reciprocate with an allied other
Aggression To overcome opposition forcefully To fight and to revenge an injury To attack or injure To oppose or punish another
Autonomy To resist coercion and restriction To become free (free to act on impulse) To quit or avoid activities prescribed by domineering authorities
Exhibition To make an impression To be seen or heard To shock, intrigue amuse, or entice others To excite or fascinate
Order To put things in order To achieve organization, arrangement, balance and cleanliness Sex To form erotic relationships To have sexual intercourse Understanding To be interested in theory To formulate, analyze, and generalize To ask or answer general questions