NAMING AND WRITING FORMULA OF COMPOUNDS

Group
Valence Electrons

Group 1 Group 2 Group 13

Group 15

Group 16

Group 17

1 1+

2
2+

3
3+

5 3-

6 2-

7 1-

Electrons needed

HLi+ Be2+ N3O2F-

Na+
K+ Rb+

Mg2+
Ca2+ Sr2+

Al3+
Ga3+ In3+

P3-

S2Se2Te2-

ClBrI-

Oxidation Number
apparent charge represents the charge that an atom would have if electrons were transferred completely to the atom with the greater attraction for them in a given situation. can be used to predict the ratio by which atoms will combine when they form compounds.

METAL AND A NON-METAL

(Ionic Compound)

Binary Compound - consist of two elements. Cation a positively charged ion Anion a negatively charged ion
FIXED OXIDATION NUMBER (Groups No. 1A-8A) metal + root word of the + - ide non-metal

Examples: I. Give the name of the following: 1. NaF 2. K2O 3. CaSe II. Write the formula for: 1. sodium bromide 2. calcium oxide 3. sodium phosphide

 VARIABLE OXIDATION NUMBER (Groups No. 3B12B)

Stock System - the oxidation number of the metal is indicated by a roman numeral in parenthesis. Classical System - the suffixes ous and ic are used to denote the lower and higher oxidation states respectively.

Cu+ Cu2+ Hg+ Hg2+ Au+ Au3+ Co2+ Co3+ Cr2+ Cr3+ Fe2+ Fe3+

Cuprous or Copper (I) Mn2+ Cupric or Copper (II) Mn3+ Mercurous or Mercury (I) Pb2+ Mercuric or Mercury (II) Pb4+ Aurous or Gold (I) Sn2+ Auric or Gold (III) Sn4+ Cobaltous or Cobalt (II) Sb3+ Cobaltic or Cobalt (III) Sb5+ Chromous or Chromium (II) As3+ Chromic or Chromium (III) As5+ Ferrous or Iron (II) Ferric or Iron (III)

Manganous or Manganese (II) Manganic or Manganese (III) Plumbous or Lead (II) Plumbic or Lead (IV) Stannous or Tin (II) Stannic or Tin (IV) Antimonous or Antimony (III) Antimonic or Antimony (V) Arsenous or Arsenic (III) Arsenic or Arsenic (V)

metal + root word of the + - ide (Stock or Classical) non-metal

Examples: Write the correct formula and give the name of the compound formed by each of the following pairs of ions. 1. As5+ and Cl2. Pb2+ and FSelf-Check 3+ 3. Co and Br p 119

Ternary Compounds - formed same way as binary compounds

Polyatomic ion is a stable group of
atoms that carries an overall electrical charge; atoms in polyatomic ions are bonded together by covalent bonds; one or more group carries a positive or negative charge.

metal + polyatomic ion

FORMULAS AND CHARGES OF COMMON POLYATOMIC IONS

Name Ammonium Nitrite Nitrate Permanganate Hypochlorite Chrorite Chlorate Chromite Cyanide Cyanate Perchlorate Hydroxide Bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate Acetate Sulfite Sulfate Carbonate Chromate Dichromate Oxalate Phosphite Phosphate Borate Formula NH4 NO2 NO3 MnO4 ClO ClO2 ClO3 CrO2 CN CNO ClO4 OH HCO3 C2H3O2 or Ac SO3 SO4 CO3 CrO4 Cr2O7 C2O4 PO3 PO4 BO3 Charge +1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -3 -3 -3

Examples: I. Give the name of the following:

1. KClO4 2. Ca(HCO3)2 3. Na2C2O4

II. Write the correct formula for:

1. potassium sulfate 2. barium nitrate 3. copper (II) chlorite
Self-Check p 120

Non-metal AND A NONMETAL (Covalent Compound)

Greek + non- metal + Greek + root word of the + - ide prefix prefix non-metal

GREEK PREFIXES USED IN NAMING COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Greek Prefix MonoDiTriTetraPenta-

Number 1 2 3 4 5

Greek Prefix HexaHeptaOctaNonaDeca-

Number 6 7 8 9 10

Examples: I. Give the name of the following: 1. S2F6 2. N2O4 3. NO II. Write the correct formula for: 1. carbon dioxide 2. dinitrogen pentoxide 3. boron trifluoride

Self-Check p 128

HYDROGEN AND A NONMETAL

Binary Compound - release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved; leading Hs in formula are acidic hydrogens. PURE FORM
hydrogen + root word of the + - ide non-metal

AQUEOUS FORM
hydro- + root word of the + -ic + acid non-metal

Examples: I. Give the name of the following: 1. H2S and H2S(aq) 2. HCl and HCl(aq) 3. HF and HF(aq) II. Write the correct formula for: 1. hydrobromic acid 2. hydrogen iodide 3. hydroiodic acid

Ternary Acid (Oxyacid) acids containing three or more elements and oxygen is always present.

Common Anion Borate Carbonate Nitrate Nitrite Phosphate Phosphite Sulfate Sulfite Perchlorate Chlorate Chlorite Hypochlorite Permanganate

Formula BO3 CO3 NO3 NO2 PO4 PO3 SO4 SO3 ClO4 ClO3 ClO2 ClO MnO4

Charge -3 -2 -1 -1 -3 -3 -2 -2 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

root word of the + -ic/- ous + acid anion

Examples: I. Name the following ternary oxy- acids: 1. H3BO3 2. H2CO3 3. H2SO3 II. Write the chemical formula of the following: 1. hypochlorous acid 2. nitric acid 3. phosphoric acid

METAL AND HYDROXIDE (Base)

metal + hydroxide

Examples: I. Name the following bases: 1. NaOH 2. Mg(OH)2 3. Ba(OH)2 II. Write the chemical formula of the following: 1. potassium hydroxide 2. calcium hydroxide 3. aluminum hydroxide

HYDRATES
Hydrates water in addition compounds. Hydration process whereby water molecules are attracted to solute particles. Hydrated Ions ions surrounded by water molecules.
binary/ternary compound + + Greek + hydrate prefix

Examples: I. Give the name of the following: 1. CuSO4 5H2O 2. MgCl2 6H2O
3. Na2SO4 10H2O II. Write the formula for: 1. zinc chloride hexahydrate 2. calcium phosphate dihydrate 3. copper (I) chloride pentahydrate

Thank you for bearing with me!