Material Course Ch7&8

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures
IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

1
INTRODUCTION TO PLATE BUCKLING
LOCAL BUCKLING AND SECTION
CLASSIFICATION

2
Introduction
Critical Stress for Plate Buckling
Post-buckling Behaviour and Effective Width
Stability and Ultimate Strength of Plates
Buckling of Web Plates in Shear
Local Buckling
Basic Concepts of Plastic Theory
Section Classification based on width thickness ratio
Implications of Local buckling on design

CONTENTS

3
Buckling of Plate under Uni-axial Compression
N
x

y
z
b
a
A
B
C
D
RECTANGULAR PLATES ON FOUR SIDES
x

4
|
|
.
|
\
|
c
c
=
c
c
+
c c
c
+
c
c
2
2
3
2
4
4
2 2
4
4
4
) 1 ( 12 2
x
w
N
Et y
w
y x
w
x
w
x
v

= =
=
,... 3 , 2 , 1 ,.... 3 , 2 , 1
sin sin
m n
mn
b
y n
a
x m
w w
t t
2
2 2
3
2
4
4 4
2 2
4 2 2
4
4 4
) (
) 1 ( 12
2
a
m
N
Et b
n
b a
n m
a
m
cr x
t v t t t
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
( )
2
2
2
2
3 2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
2
3 2
) 1 ( 12 /
/ /
) 1 ( 12
) (
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
+
=
mb
a n
a
m Et
a m
b n a m Et
N
cr x
v
t
v
t
2
2 2
3 2
1
) 1 ( 12
|
.
|
\
|
+
=
b
a
m a
b
m
b
Et
N
cr
v
t
2 2
2
) / )( 1 ( 12 t b
E k
cr
v
t
o
=
CRITICAL BUCKLING STRESS
Equilibrium Equation
w can be assumed as (satisfies end conditions)
Lowest value for n=1
(N
cr
= o
cr
t)

5
b
a = 2b
b
a = 3b
Buckling Modes for Long Plates
INFLUENCE OF ASPECT RATIO ON
PLATE BUCKLING

6
m = 1 m = 2 m = 3
k
4.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 a/b
k-values for a Simply Supported Plate
VARIATION OF PLATE BUCKLING
COEFF. WITH ASPECT RATIO

7
web
(a) (b) (c )

(d)
Plate Elements with Different Edge Conditions
(e)
Rotation of
free edge
Load Condition

Support Condition

Buckling Coefficient,
k

Uniaxial Compressive Stress (o
x
)

Hinged-hinged

4.00

Fixed-fixed

6.97

Hinged-free

0.43

Fixed free

1.27

Shear Stress (t
xy
)

Hinged-hinged

5.35

Fixed-fixed

8.99

Table 1 Values of k for Different Load and Support Conditions
PLATES WITH OTHER SUPPORT CONDITIONS

8
2
1
2
2
lim
) 1 ( 12
|
|
.
|
\
|
s
|
.
|
\
|
y
f
E k
t
b
v
t
DESIGN OF PLATE ELEMENTS
Limiting width-thickness ratio to ensure yielding before plate
buckling
Codes prescribe limiting b/t ratios as C/\fy

9
b
eff
= Effective width
b
eff
/2
b
(a) Actual
(b) Assumed
b
eff
/2
Actual and Assumed Stress Distribution
in the Post-buckling Range
(
(
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
y
cr
y
cr
eff
f f b
b
o o
22 . 0 1
Plates with initial imperfections
POST-BUCKLING BEHAVIOUR & EFFECTIVE WIDTH
Winters formula
Von Karman
Ult Strength = fy b
eff

10
Actual
paths
Secondary
path
Secondary
path
Funda
-mental
path
(a) Column
Actual paths
corresponding to
levels of initial
imperfection
(b) Plate
P/P
cr
P/P
e
w
0
w
1.0
1.0
w
Load versus Out-of-plane Displacement Curves
STABILITY OF PLATES

11
2.0

1.0
Flat
plate
P/P
cr
Plates with
imperfections
1.0 2.0 3.0
U/U
cr
Load versus Axial Deformation Diagram
STABILITY OF PLATES - 1
E/2
E

12
Column and Plate Strength Curves
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0
0.75
0.50
0.25
0 3.0 2.0
1.0
Test data
(o
E
/f
y
)
(o
cr
/f
y
)
\f
y
/o
E

\f
y
/o
cr

Test data
(b)
o
f
/f
y

o
f
/f
y

(a)
STABILITY OF PLATES - 2

13
Shear buckling of a plate
BUCKLING OF WEB PLATES IN SHEAR
t
cr


14
POST-SHEAR BUCKLING BEHAVIOUR
Tension Field Action
( )
0 . 3 ) / ( and when
0 . 3 ) / ( and when
/ 1
/ 1
2
3
cr
y
2
> > = '
< <
(
(
+ = '
d a
d a
d a
y cr
cr
y cr y
cr
t t t t
t t
t t t
t t

15
1
2
2
,
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
+
|
|
.
|
\
|
cr cr b
b
cr
t
t
o
o
o
o
PLATE SUBJECTED TO COMBINED STRESSES
where
o = applied axial compressive stress
o
b
= applied bending compressive stress
t = applied shear stress
For a four-side supported plate

16
LOCAL BUCKLING AND SECTION CLASSIFICATION
OPEN AND CLOSED SECTIONS
Strength of compression members depends on slenderness ratio

17
(b) (a)
Local buckling of Compression Members
LOCAL BUCKLING
Beams compression flange buckles locally
Fabricated and cold-formed sections prone to local buckling
Local buckling gives distortion of c/s but need not lead to collapse

18
L
Bending Moment Diagram
Plastic hinges
M
p

Collapse mechanism
Plastic hinges
M
p

Formation of a Collapse Mechanism in a Fixed Beam
w
Bending Moment Diagram
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PLASTIC THEORY
First yield moment My
Plastic moment Mp
Shape factor S = Mp/My
Rotation Capacity
(a) at M
y

(b) M
y
< M<M
p

(c) at M
p

Plastification of Cross-section under Bending

19
SECTION CLASSIFICATION
M
p

Rotation |
M
y

|
y
|
u

Slender
Semi-compact
Compact
Plastic
Section Classification based on Moment-Rotation Characteristics

20
Moment Capacities of Sections
M
y

M
p

|
1
|
2
|
3
|=b/t
Semi-
Compact
Slender Plastic Compact
SECTION CLASSIFICATION BASED ON
WIDTH -THICKNESS RATIO
For Compression members use compact or plastic sections

21
Type of Element

Type of
Section

Class of Section

Plastic (|
1
)

Compact
(|
2
)

Semi-compact (|
3
)

Outstand element of
compression flange

Welded

b/t s 7.9c

b/t s 8.9c

b/t s 13.6c

Rolled

b/t s 8.9c

b/t s 9.5c

b/t s 15.0c

Internal element of
compression flange

Welded

b/t s 24.2c

b/t s 26.3c

b/t s 29.4c

Rolled

b/t s 27.3c

b/t s 33.6c

b/t s 41.0c

Web with neutral
axis at mid depth

All

d/t s 83.0c

d/t s 102.9c

d/t s 126.0c

Web under uniform
compression

Welded

d/t s 29.4c

Rolled

d/t s 41.0c

Single/double angle
T-stems

Rolled

b/t s 8.9c
d/t s 8.9c

b/t s 10.0c
d/t s 10.0c

b/t s 15.8c
d/t s 15.8c

Circular tube with
outer diameter D

D/t s 44c
2

D/t s 63c
2

D/t s 88c
2

Table 2 Limits on Width to Thickness Ratio of Plate Elements
y
f
250
= c

22
IMPLICATIONS OF LOCAL BUCKLING ON DESIGN
Local Buckling can be prevented by limiting the b/t ratio

One can also use longitudinal stiffeners

Semi-compact and slender sections cannot be used in plastic design

Semi-compact sections can be used in elastic design knowing My

Slender sections also have stiffness problems and are not used in
hot-rolled structural steel work but are popular in cold-formed steels

Plate girders are usually designed taking advantage of tension field

Material Course Ch7&8

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Material Course Ch7&8

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Teaching Resource in Design of Steel Structures

IIT Madras, SERC Madras, Anna Univ., INSDAG

Вам также может понравиться