h

INTRODUCTION
Incidence and prevalence.

Preventions.

Risk factors.

What is hypertension?

WHAT IS HYPERTENSION ?
HYPERTENSION = HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE Heart work harder to pump blood to the body and leads to : a. Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) b. Development of heart failure PREHYPERTENSION = Dont have high blood pressure now, but are likely to develop it in the future. Prehypertension : 120-139/80-89

CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERTENSION ACCORDING TO DEGREE :Systolic (mmHg) Normal BP High normal BP Stage 1 (mild) Stage 2 (moderate) Stage 3 (severe) Stage 4 (very severe) <130 130-139 140-159 160-179 180-209 >210 Diastolic (mmHg) <85 85-89 90-99 100-109 110-119 >120

TYPES OF HYPERTENSION

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE

COUNTRY
USA AFRICA CANADA UAE SAUDI ARABIA

PEOPLE WITH HYPERTENSION

50 MILLIONS 20 MILLIONS 21% 33.1% - 36% 22% - 26%

EGYPT

26.3%

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION

The world wide prevalence of hypertension is 600 million people according to WHO 2001-2002 a. 50 millions are Americans (1 in 5) b. 20 millions are African The highest prevalence has been rated in : Eastern Europe and Poland (68,5% in men and 72,5 % in women). The lowest prevalence was reported in India (3.4% in men and 6.8% in women).

UNDIAGNOSED PREVALENCE & DEATHS STATISTICS : ABOUT HYPERTENSION

80-85% of affected people are not treated .

$831 million spent on prevention and treatment in Australia.

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN EGYPT

25% of the Egyptians have high blood pressure (19 millions). 50 % of the Egyptian youth have high blood pressure. 37.4% of rich & 28.9 % of poor Egyptians have blood pressure. Only 40 % of the patients know they have the disease. Only 8 % of the patients receive treatment.

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN MALAYSIA

In the last 10 years, there are 4.8 million death cause by hypertension. By 2025, the number of hypertension citizen after age 40 years will increase by 50% In 2011, there are 33% with the age of 18+ years had hypertension. 43% at the age 30+ years had hypertension.

RISK FACTOR
Genetics African-American Age Too much salt in diet High renin levels Smoking Being overweight Lack of physical activity Too much alcohol consumption

PREVENTATION
Lifestyle Interventions for Prevention or Treatment of Hypertension :Intervention Blood Pressure Effect

Exercise

5-10 mm Hg (>30 min >3x/wk) Weight reduction 1-2 mm Hg/Kg Alcohol intake reduction 1 mm Hg/drink/d Sodium intake reduction 1-3 mm Hg/40 mmol/d

10 Ways to Control Your High Blood Pressure

Know your blood pressure. Have it checked regularly. Know what your weight should be. Keep it at or below that level. Don't use too much salt in cooking or at meals. Avoid salty foods. Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole-grain high-fiber foods Control alcohol intake. Don't have more than one drink a day if you're a woman or two a day if you're a man. Take your medicine exactly as prescribed. Don't run out of pills even for a single day. Keep appointments with the doctor. Follow your doctor's advice about physical activity. Make certain your parents, brothers, sisters and children have their blood pressure checked regularly. Live a normal life in every other way.

WAN IZZATUL SYAQERA NUR MUNIRAH AQILAH ZULFADHLI MUHAMMA D AMAN