SIX WEEKS SUMMER TRAINING IN

EWSD TELEPHONE EXCHANGE (BSNL),PHAGWARA

WAZID AHSAN
REG NO-11000372 COURSE: btech-mtech(ECE)

INTRODUCTION
Fourth largest department of telecommunication in asia and seventh in world today. It has more than 3lac employees,officers and engineers at present. Earlier manual telephone exchanges were used which had a plenty of disadvantages so to overcome this automatic exchange was introduced first time in 1980s by PITHROTHA LTD. Latest switching technique being used is DIGITAL SWITCHING TECHNIQUE named as EWSD. EWSD means ELECTRONISCHE WHELER SWITCHING DIGITALE.

COMPANY PROFILE
BSNL was formed in OCT,2000.It is the 4th largest telecommunication company in Asia and 7th largest in World. Within a span of five years,it became one of the largest public sector unit in India providing comprehensive range of telecom services in India such as CDMA mobile,GSM mobile,internet,broadband etc. It has more than 17.8 million cellular customers,35.1 million basic phone subscribers and about 4 million internet users.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY BSNL

BSNL LANDLINE CELLULAR SERVICE INTERNET SERVICE BSNL BROADBAND IPTV

TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
A telephone exchange is a system of electronic components that connects telephone calls.

TYPES1.MANUAL SERVICE EXCHANGE 2.AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE

MANUAL SERVICE EXCHANGE

 Before

1980s there were manual exchange.

In this the customer lifts the receiver off-hook and asks the operator in the central office to connect the call to required number.Their was no dial tone and all such kind of thing. Now the operator connects the call by plugging the jack into switchboard corresponding to customerss line. Every switch on the switchboard had its own particular area.

AUTOMATIC EXCHANGES
Came into existence after 1980s. Eliminate the need for human telephone operators. Operators are computerised,as soon as the receiver is off-hook it senses it and provides a dial tone to that phone.

Receives the pulses generated by the phone and completes a connection to the called phone.

ELECTRONIC EXCHANGE
To overcome the limitations of manual and automatic exchange,electronic exchange were developed. Electronic exchange were smaller in size,volume and weight,faster,reliable,highly flexible,noise free and easily manageable. Facilities 1.MFC pushbutton dialing 2.Priority subscriber line 3.Call forwarding 4.Conference calling

CABLE NETWORKING SYSTEM

PRIMARY CABLE-It is connected from line side of MDF to the cabinet.It is an underground cable which consists of particular number of secondary cables. SECONDARY CABLE-It is connected from the cabinet to the pillars. DISTRIBUTION CABLE- It is connected from pillars to the distribution pole. DROP WIRE- It is a pair of copper wire which is connected from distribution pole to the subscribers telephone.

THE TELEPHONE SET

TELE----> from far PHONE---> sound or voice The basic purpose of telephone set is to convert acoustic signals or speech to electrical signals.

BLOCK DIG. OF TELEPHONE SET

MAIN PARTS OF EXCHANGE

POWER ROOM MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME TRANSMISSION SWITCHING

POWER ROOM
Basic requirement Power/ Energy. Works on -48 V. A power room contains:o Float Rectifiers o Batteries o Switching Cubical FLOAT RECTIFIER :o maintains the exchange voltage at -48V. o Provides DC power directly to the load.

 BATTERY :o 24 cells of 2 V volt each in total -48V. o Electrolytic type cells. o provides uninterrupted supply. o cells to be checked daily. o Temperature of battery room to be moderate.

SWITCHING CUBICAL :o Controls different equipments of the power room. o Display panels to indicate voltage and current readings.

o In case of more than one float rectifier, switching cubical decides which one to be used.

MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME

In telephony, a main distribution frame (MDF or main frame) is a signal distribution frame for connecting equipment (inside plant) to cables and subscriber carrier equipment (outside plant). Termination point exchange equipment and termination of local loops connected by jumper wires. Advantages of MDF :o Easy fault diagnosis. o Flexibility.

Parts of MDF :o Subscriber Part o Exchange Part

 A long steel rack accessible from both the sides. Vertical side Subscriber side. Horizontal side Exchange side.

Subscriber side of MDF

Exchange side of MDF

TRANSMISSION
Data transmission is the physical transfer of a data (a digital bit stream) over a point to point or point to multipoint communication channel.Example of such channels are copper wires,optical fibres,wireless communication channels.

TYPES OF DATA TRANSMISSION IN TELECOMMUNICATION-

1.SERIAL TRANSMISSION In Digital serial transmissions bits are sent over a single wire, frequency or optical path sequentially. Because it requires less signal processing and less chances for error than parallel transmission, the transfer rate of each individual path may be faster. This can be used over longer distances.

PARALLEL TRANSMISSION-

In parallel transmission data is transmitted simultaneously over two or more separate paths. Multiple electrical wires are used which can transmit multiple bits simultaneously, which allows for higher data transfer rates than can be achieved with serial transmission. The major issue with this is "skewing" because the wires in parallel data transmission have slightly different properties so some bits may arrive before others, which may corrupt the message.

SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY

It is a standard technology for synchronous data transmission that transfers multiple digital bit streams through optical fibres. MERITS1. Simplified multiplexing/demultiplexing technique. 2. Provides faster and less expensive network interconnection.

SWITCH SECTION
SWITCH A device that channels the data from any of the incoming ports to the outgoing port.

FRONT AND BACK VIEW OF A NETWORK SWITCH

A DIGITAL SWITCH

EWSD
Abbreviated form German name Electronische Wheler Systeme Digitale i.e. Electronic Switching System Digital. Digital Switching System designed and manufactured by M/s Siemens, Germany.

can support maximum 2,50,000 subscribers.

can carry 25,200 Erlang traffic. can withstand 1.4 million BHCA.

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