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Objective
Call setup,Mobility&Integrity is a Key of Optimization
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Outline
GSM Protocol Architecture for Signaling International Signaling relation via ISDN GSM Interface & Layers Function Call setup Overview Key points in Call Setup. Explanation of each point with layer 3&2 message & logical channels. Question &Answers
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Mobile-specific extension of C7 standard. All messages exchanged between NSS Elements (MSC,HLR,VLR) A connectionless transport service provided by the SCCP Provides core functionality to support roaming Allows its users to access other users via worldwide C7/SS7 network Logical signalling connection between MSC and MS to support Layer 3 (MM/CM) message transfers Uses reduced set of C7 signalling instructions Routes messages via STPs C7 protocols responsible for routing and transport of signalling messages
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Um Interface
Abis Interface
Other Interfaces
GSM
A Interface
E Interface
B,C Interface
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A Interface
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A Interface
BSSMAP - deals with procedures that take place logically between the BSS and MSC, examples :
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A Interface
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A Interface
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Abis Interface
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Abis Interface
Messages exchanges between the BTS and BSC.
Traffic exchanges Signaling exchanges Physical access between BTS and BSC is PCM digital links of E1(32) or T1(24) TS at 64kbit/s. Speech: Conveyed in timeslots at 4X16 kbit/s Data: Conveyed in timeslots of 4X16 kbit/s. The initial user rate, which may be 300, 1200, is adjusted to 16 kbit/s
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Abis Interface
Level 1-PCM transmission (E1 or T1) Speech encoded at 16kbit/s and sub multiplexed in 64kbit/s time slots. Data which rate is adapted and synchronized. Level 2-LAPD protocol Radio Signaling Link (RSL) Operation and Maintenance Link (OML). Level 3-Application Protocol Radio Subsystem Management (RSM) Operation and Maintenance procedure (OAM)
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Abis Interface
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LAPD Message
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LAPD Message..
The length is limited to 260 octets of information. LAPD has the address of the destination terminal, to
identify the TRX, since this is a point to multipoint interface. Each TRX in a BTS corresponds to one or several signaling links. These links are distinguished by TEI (Terminal Equipment Identities).
SAPI=0, SAPI=3, SAPI=62 for OAM.
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Um Interface
Level 1-Physical
TDMA frame Logical channels multiplexing Level 2-LAPDm(modified from LAPD) No flag No error retransmission mechanism due to real time constraints Level 3-Radio Interface Layer (RIL3) involves three sub layers RR: paging, power control, ciphering execution, handover MM: security, location IMSI attach/detach CM: Call Control(CC), Supplementary Services(SS), Short Message Services(SMS),
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Layer1 Signaling
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Layer 2 Signaling
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LAPDm Message
In LAPDm the use of flags is avoided. LAPDm maximum length is 21 octets of information. It makes use of more bit to distinguish last frame of a message. No frame check sequence for LAPDm, it uses the error detecting performance of the transmission coding scheme offered by the physical layer
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LAPDm Message.
The acknowledgement for the next expected frame in the indicator N(R ). On radio interface two independent flows(one for signaling, and one for
SMS) can exist simultaneously. These two flows are distinguished by a link identifier called the SAPI(service access point identifier). LAPDm SAPI=0 for signaling and SAPI=3 for SMS. SAP1=0 for radio signaling, SAPI=62 for OAM and SAPI=63 for layer 2 management on the Abis interface. There is no need of a TEI, because there is no need to distinguish the different mobile stations, which is done by distinguishing the different radio channels.
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Layer 3 Signaling
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Protocol Discriminator
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Transaction Identifier
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Message Type
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Information Element
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Measurement Report
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Layer 3 Function
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RR Management
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Mobility Management
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Connection Management
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MM Massage
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CM Message
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Paging Types
Paging locates MS to cell Level for call
routing
Type 1 - 2 MSs using IMSI/TMSI Type 2 - 3 MSs (1xIMSI, 2xTMSI) Type 3 - 4 MSs using TMSI only
Paging message requires 4 bursts (1
CCCH block)
Paging messages may be stored at BSS Transmitted on PCH If DRX is implemented MS listens only
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Layer2
RR-RSP I-CMD SABM-CMD UA-RSP DISC-CMD Call Setup Call Establishment Call End
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The Channel Field (bits 1-2 of octet 2) indicates the further combination of channel which will be needed. It is coded as follows
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RR-Paging Message
Paging Request Type1
Channel Needed To indicate what type of channel is required for the transaction linked to the paging procedure. First Channel 00 Any channel 01 SDCCH 10 TCH/F 11 TCH/H or TCH/F Second Channel Same as first channel
Page mode
To control the action of MS belonging to the paging subgroup corresponding to the paging subchannel. Page Mode 00 Normal Paging 01 Extended Paging 10 Paging Re organisation 11 Same as before
Mobile Identity
To provide either the IMSI, the (P) TMSI but not the IMEI bases paging. IMSI <= 15 digts (P) TMSI= 4 Octets Odd/even indication Value 0 : Even number of identity digits ( Type of Identity
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RR System Information
1. 2. 3. PD for System Information is always 6. Skip Indicator is 0000 Message Type as below Protocol
Discriminator
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RRChannel Request
Establishment cause (3 bit). Answer to page MOC/MTC Location update SMS NECI Parameters setting is explain in next slide
Random Reference MS Generate Random Number (3...5bit) by Using Random algorithm. Number slot spread Tran No of Max Retransmission
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Disable NECI
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Immediate Assignment
Channel Control Parameters Separated/Combined/Hybrid Channel configuration. Training Sequence Code(0..7) After a suitable channel has been found, the BSC determines the most suitable training sequence code by examining all the interfering connections(C/I based). RF Hopping Channel(Hopping List)
Establishment cause is a 3 bit. Answer to page MOC/MTC Location update SMS NECI(New establishment cause Indication) is disabled.
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CM Service Request
Mobile Station Class mark
Define certain attributes of the MS equipment in use on a certain transaction. CM Service Type To specify which service is requested from network
Mobile Identity
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Cipher Response
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call setup
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Assignment Command
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Assignment Command
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Assignment Command
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Assignment Command
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These Element contains the averaged received signal Quality of the serving cells on all time slots and on subset of time slots. The signal quality mapped to a corresponding BER% value before decoding as follows. RX Qual 0= BER<0.2% RX Qual1=BER 0.2% to 0.4% . . . RX Qual 7=BER>12.8%.
These elements contains the averaged received signal strength, BCCH, & Basic of the nth(n=1 to 6) Neighbor cells. BCCH Allocation List.set to 1 in neighbor cells parameters description. with 5 bits (0..31) BSIC consist of 6 bits
These Element contains the averaged received signal level of the serving cells on all time slots and on subset of time slots. The signal strength mapped on RX Level value between 0..63. RX Level 0= less than -110dbm RX Level 1=-110dbm to -109dbm. . . . RX Level 63=greater than -48dbm.
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HO Procedure
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Location Updated
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Question&Answer
Open Discussion
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