THE VARIOUS RESOURCES ON EARTH

Prepare by: LEE HOCK TIANG

THE VARIOUS RESOURCES

ON EARTH
Water Soil Mineral Living Things Air Fossil Fuel

WATER
Importance of water to humans and animal : Carries nutrients to all cells in our body. Removes waste (urea) in the urine and sweat. Dissolves chemicals for metabolic activities in cells. Comprises 90% of the cells protoplasm. Importance of water to plants: Makes food during photosynthesis. Transports organic material (glucose). Supports aquatic plants to stand in water.

SOIL
Importance of soil : Habitat for living things. Humus fertilizes the soil and suitable for farming. Contains mineral salts needed for the growth and development of plants.

MINERAL
Found in the soil. Importance of mineral : Steel is used for constructions Copper is used to make electric cables.

LIVING THINGS
Importance of living things to human : Provides food as source of energy to carry out living process. Provides building material. Provides clothes to protect body from cold and heat.

AIR
Importance of oxygen : For respiration of living cell. Needed in burning. Importance of carbon dioxide : Produces food during photosynthesis. Composition in fire extinguishers. Importance of nitrogen : Produces fertilizers. Fills light bulbs to prevent the filament from oxidation.

FOSSIL FUEL
Example : Coal, petroleum and natural gas. Used to generate electricity in power station. Burning of fossil fuels provide energy to vehicles.

ELEMENTS
CHARACTERISTICS A substance which made up of only one type of atom , cannot be broken down into any simpler substances by chemical or physical method. Atom elements consist of individual particles. - examples : Copper, Aluminium, Zink, Iron, Gold. Molecule elements consist of combined atoms of the same type. - examples : Oxygen gas, hydrogen gas.

METALS
PROPERTIES Good electrical conductors Good heat conductors High melting points Shiny appearance High densities Malleable Ductile Sonorous Examples : Aluminium, Gold, Copper, Zink, Iron.

METALS USES
Copper makes water pipes and electrical cables. Gold - as jewellery. Aluminium makes air craft body. Iron makes cooking utensils. Tin as coating of food cans.

NON-METALS
PROPERTIES Poor electrical conductors Poor heat conductors Low melting points Dull appearance Low densities Brittle Non-ductile Non- sonorous Examples : Bromine, Sulphur, Carbon, Phosphorus, Iodine.

NON-METALS USES
Carbon as pencil leads Diamond - cut glass and make jewelleries. Sulphur firecrackers and tyres. Nitrogen fertilizers.

C OMPOUNDS
DEFINATION Compound are substances made up of two or more elements which are chemically combined. Molecule is the smallest particle in a compound. Examples : A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

EXAMPLES OF COMPOUNDS
Sugar Sand Carbon dioxide Salt Chalk

COMPOUNDS
Compound Sodium chloride (salt) Copper sulphate Calcium carbonate (chalk) Elements present Sodium, chlorine Copper, sulfur, oxygen Calcium, carbon, oxygen

Petrol Sand Sugar Carbon dioxide Water

Hydrogen, carbon Silicone, oxygen Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Carbon, oxygen Hydrogen , oxygen

COMPOUND
PROPERTIES Formed by chemical reaction which involve exchange of energy. Properties of compound differs from the properties of its constituents elements. The compound can only be broken down into its elements by chemical methods such as electrolysis. The elements in a compound are joined together in a definite ratio.

MIXTURE
DEFINATION A mixture consist of two or more substances that have been combined physically. Mixtures can be formed by mixing Different elements Different compounds Elements and compounds Examples : air, soil, orange juice, sea water, milk and etc.

MIXTURE
PROPERTIES Formed by physical methods which does not involved chemical reactions Properties of constituents in a mixture is preserved. Can be separated easily through physical methods. The substances in a mixture can be mixed in indefinite ratio.

EXAMPLES OF MIXTURES AND THEIR COMPONENTS

Mixture Components

Air
Orange juice Sea water

Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, dust, rare gases, microorganisms.

Orange juice, water, sugar Water, mineral salts

Brass (alloy)
Blood Steel Coins Coffee drink

Copper, zinc
Plasma, blood cells, nutrients, waste products. Iron, carbon Copper, nickel, tin Coffee powder, water, milk, sugar

MIXTURE SEPARATING

TECHNIQUES

MIXTURE SEPARATING

TECHNIQUES

MIXTURE SEPARATING

TECHNIQUES

MIXTURE SEPARATING

TECHNIQUES

MIXTURE SEPARATING

TECHNIQUES

MIXTURE SEPARATING

TECHNIQUES

MIXTURE SEPARATING

TECHNIQUES

MIXTURE SEPARATING

TECHNIQUES

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMPOUND AND MIXTURES

Compounds Formed through chemical methods Aspect Formation method Mixtures Formed through physical methods

Formed new substances

Absorbed or release heat energy Combines in fixed ratio Cannot be identified Differ from the compounds Can use chemical method

New substances formation

Energy changes Combination ratio of substances Identification of constituents Properties of constituents Separation technique of constituents

Does not form new substances

Does not absorb or release heat energy Combines in any ratio Easily identified Preserved Can use physical method