TITTLE:

Human as a Complex Organism

The types and functions of human cells

THE TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN CELLS

Epithelial cells

Cover outer surface of the body, line cavities and protect Used in the absorption and excretion of substances.

Sperms

Fertilise an egg, enabling information to be transferred from one generation to the next
Nerve cells

Detect stimuli from the surrounding environment Transmit electrical signals to all parts of the body

Organisation of cells

Epithelial tissue

Acts as a protective lining and covering of the surfaces of the skin and organs. For examples, the inner walls of the digestive tract and alveoli.

Connective tissue

Forms the structural framework of the body. Provides protection for vital organs. Provides support for interconnection. Transports nutrients and waste products.

Nerve tissue Carries information in the form of electrical impulses. A nerve tissue is like a cable with many small wires transmitting information to the central nervous system (CNS) and from the CNS to the different parts of the body. Muscle tissue Enables body movement through contractions. The movement may involve the whole body, part of it or some material along a tube within it, for example, the intestinal tract, blood vessels, iris and heart.

HUMAN BEINGS ARE COMPLEX ORGANISMS

The

human body is made up of billions of cells. It is a complex organism. The process in which each type of cell is specialised to perform specific function is known as division of labour. Division of labour among cells, tissues, organs and systems ensures a smooth and efficient functioning of the human body. The human body is made up of many systems.

Cell - different cells in the body carry out different functions.

Examples: muscle cells, blood cells and nerve cells.

ORGANISATION OF HUMANS CELLS

Tissue is made up of the same type of cells. Examples:

muscle tissue, connective tissue, epithelial tissue and nerve tissue.

Organ consists of different tissues that are grouped

together to perform a function. Examples: stomach, lungs and heart.

System consists of different organs that work together to

perform a function. Examples: digestive system, respiratory system and reproductive system.

Organism is made up of different system.

HUMAN BODY SYSTEM

Digestive system
Digests

different classes of food so that the nutrients can be absorbed easily by the body.

Endocrine system
Produces

hormones Coordinates and controls body responses to stimuli, and life processes such as reproduction and growth

HUMAN BODY SYSTEM

Nervous system
Coordinates

and controls most nerve activities Receives external stimuli and coordinates responses

Skeletal system
Supports

the body Protects internal organs Enables body movement

HUMAN BODY SYSTEM

Blood circulatory system
Transports

oxygen and food to all parts of the body Transports excretory products

Muscular system
Allows

body movement

HUMAN BODY SYSTEM

Excretory system Removes excretory products from the body Lungs- remove carbon dioxide and water vapour Kidneys- remove urea, mineral salts and water Skin- removes urea mineral salts and water Lymphatic system Returns lymph to the bloodstream Protects the body from disease-causing organisms

HUMAN BODY SYSTEM

Reproductive system
Produces

reproductive cells. Female - the ovary produces ova. Male the testis produces sperms.

PICTURES
HUMAN BODY SYSTEM

Digestive system

Endocrine system

Nervous system

Skeletal system

Blood circulatory system

Muscular system

Excrectory system

Lymphatic system

Reproductive system

THANK YOU