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COMPANY OVERVIEW
Wipro Technologies was among the top companies in Global Software Services.
In 20004, its revenue was $1.2 bn. , and was growing at a pace of 37%.
Wipro had differentiated itself on the basis of quality. Wipro was the first software company certified as ISO 9000 in 1995.
Wipro was first level 5 company in Capability Maturity Model (CMM) in 1998, and also was the first to adopt CMMI.
WHY LEAN ?
High turnover in company called for robust software processes Best practices were not replicated across the company Competitors were shifting their base to India and tapping the low cost human resource reducing the gap with Wipro Wipro want to shift from time & material pricing to fixed price contracts, hence improvement in efficiency had direct impact in profits Also CMMI and 6 Sigma was suited for software specification rather than delivering business solution
And while Wipro could draw parallels between assembly lines for Toyota cars and the steps involved in writing software applications, the company was still struggling to find an expert who could help start the journey. We decided not to repeat all the mistakes we made during Six Sigmait was top down, big launch, and it came with targets, says Deb. The biggest challenge with Six Sigma was that it took long for gaining acceptance among teams and the participation levels were quite low. Lean is not like a cookbook for recipes, it needs to be improved continuously
Implementation of lean should be slow and controlled. Successful lean operations at Wipro involved a small rollout, reducing hierarchies, continuous improvement, sharing mistakes, and specialized tools. The concept of kaizen, or continuous improvement, for example, resulted in a more iterative approach to software development projects versus a sequential. waterfall method in which each step of the process is completed in turn by a separate worker.
The DSM (design structure matrix) Defines connections and pathways for a projects workflow and suggests an order of tasks .
The SCE (system complexity estimator) Ranks a software module based on its complexity and compares its actual architecture with its ideal (simplest) architecture in order to learn where a team might need more or fewer skilled members.
Value Stream Mapping To identify and decrease wasted time and effort throughout the software development process.
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Wipro followed two approaches for Jidoka: Periodic Code review: This happened daily. Daily builds: Here the work of group was complied and ran through a automated test. Heijunka: This ensured levelling of work load which helped Wipro to Reduce variability in work load. Reduce spike in demand. Made the company more responsive.
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