Tea Bag + Sugar + Hot Water Tb + S + Hw

Tea T

Products

Reactants

A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in terms of chemical formulae

Reactants

Products

Reactants: Substances that changed

Products: New substances formed

Chemical Symbol In Chemical Equation

+ react with reversible produce/ to give
irreversible

(s) solid (l) liquid (aq) aqueous

(g) gas precipitation gas release combustion/ heating

1. Definition 2. Balancing Equations 3. Interpret Chemical Equations Qualitatively Quantitatively 4. Stoichiometry

Relationship mole, ionic formula and balancing in chemical equation

2Na + Cl2 2NaCl 2 mole sodium react with 1 mole chlorine gas produce 2 mole sodium chlorine NaCl
Sodium chloride Charge Balance charge Ratio Ionic formulae Na+ +1 +1 (1) = +1 1 NaCl Cl-1 -1(1) = -1 1

Refer to the number of mole of atoms by comparing left side and right side The number of atom should be equal for both side

Synthesis
Decomposition

Single-replacement
Double-replacement Combustion

 Two or more substances react to form a single substance.

A+B
Example: 2Na + Cl2 2H2 + O2

AB
2NaCl 2H2O

 A compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.

AB
Example: 2H2O CaCO3

A+B
2H2 + O2 CaO + CO2

 One element takes the place of another element in a compound.

A + BC
Example: 2K + 2H2O Cu + 2AgNO3

B + AC
H2 + 2KOH Ca(NO3)2 + CO2

 Two different compounds exchange positive ions and form two new compounds.

AB + CD
Example: Pb(NO3)2 + 2KBr CaNO3 + 2HCl

AD + CB
PbBr2 + 2KNO3 CaCl2 + H2CO3

 A substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, often producing heat and light. Example: CH4 + O2 2H2 + O2

CO2 + 2H2O 2H2O

KI + Pb(NO3)2

PbI2 + KNO3

Is it a balanced chemical equation? Why we need to balance the chemical equation? Based on the law of mass conservation atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.

Step 1: Determined the chemical formulae of reactants and products. Step 2: Write the unbalanced chemical equation. Step 3: Write the symbols that can give the information about the reactants and products. Step 4: Apply an appropriate coefficient in front of each chemical formula so that the numbers of each elements in both sides are same.

STEP 1:
Reactants: KI , Pb(NO3)2 Products: PbI2 , KNO3

STEP 2:
KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + KNO3

STEP 3:
KI (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) PbI2 (s) + KNO3 (aq)

KI + Pb(NO3)2
Element
K I Pb NO3

PbI2 + KNO3
Right
1 2 1 1

Left
1 1 1 2

STEP 4:
KI (aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) Balanced the I: 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) Balanced the K: 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) Balanced the NO3: 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) PbI2 (s) + KNO3 (aq)

PbI2(s) + KNO3(aq)

PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) Element Left

PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) Right

K
I Pb NO3

2
2 1 2

2
2 1 2

Finally, the balanced chemical equation is:

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) Check the answer: Left K I Pb NO3 2 2 1 2 Right 2 2 1 2
Both sides have the same number of each element

PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

Qualitatively

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)

PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

Reactants: aqueous potassium iodide, KI; aqueous plumbum nitrate, Pb(NO3)2

Products: precipitate of plumbum iodide, PbI2; aqueous potassium nitrate, KNO3 aqueous potassium iodide, KI reacts with aqueous plumbum nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 to produce precipitate of plumbum iodide, PbI2 and aqueous potassium nitrate, KNO3

Quantitatively

2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq)

PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

2 units of KI reacts with 1unit of Pb(NO3)2 to yield 1unit of PbI2 and 2 units of KNO3. 2x6.02x1023 units of molecule KI reacts with 1x6.02x1023unit of molecule Pb(NO3)2 to yield 1x6.02x1023unit of molecule PbI2 and 2x6.02x1023 units of molecule KNO3. 2 mol of KI reacts with 1 mol of Pb(NO3)2 to yield 1 mol of PbI2 and 2 mol of KNO3. 332g unit of KI reacts with 331g unit of Pb(NO3)2 to yield 461g unit of PbI2 and 202g unit of KNO3.

Products

1. What is the name and chemical formulae of the reactants and products? 2. Write a balanced equation for the reaction.

Suggested answers:
1. Reactants: potassium iodide, KI; argentum nitrate, AgNO3 Products: argentum iodide, AgI; potassium nitrate, KNO3 2. KI(aq) + AgNO3(aq) AgI(s) + KNO3(aq)

KI(aq) + AgNO3(aq)
Left K I Ag NO3 1 1 1 1

AgI(s)

+ KNO3(aq)
Right 1 1 1 1

Mass, g

Number of particles X Molar

mass

Molar mass

X NA

Number of moles
X Molar volume of gas

Molar volume of gas

Volume, dm3 (gas phase only)

Example 1:

Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq)

ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

From the given equation, calculate the a) number of moles of zinc b) mass of zinc that react completely with 0.2 mol hydrochloric acid. [Relative atomic mass: Zn, 65]

Solution:
Given: Zn (s) + 2 HCl (aq)
0.2 mol 2 mol

ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

1. Compared the stoichiometry of the equation.

? mol From equation: 1 mol

a) From the equation, 2 mol of hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts completely with 1 mol of zinc (Zn). Therefore, 0.2 mol of HCl reacts completely with 0 .2 1 2. Get the number of moles of 2 mol zinc Zn that reacted. = 0.1 mol zinc

b) Mass of zinc that reacted = number of moles X molecular mass

= 0.1 X 65 = 6.5 g 3. Change the unit: number of moles mass

Example 2:

Heating of magnesium in oxygen gas produced magnesium oxide.

a) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

b) Calculate: i) the volume of gas oxygen that reacted ii) number of molecules of magnesium oxide that produced if 6g of magnesium heating in oxygen gas at STP. [Relative atomic mass: Mg, 24, O, 16; Avogadro number: 6 x 1023; 1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 22.4 dm3 at STP]

Solution:
a) 2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2 MgO (s)

1. Compared the stoichiometry of the equation.

b) i) From the equation, 2 mol of Mg reacts with 1mol O2.

mol of Mg reacted =

mass of Mg relative mass of Mg

2. Get the number = = 0.25 of moles of Mg that 24 reacted. 0.25 thus, 0.25 mol Mg reacts with = 0.125 mol O2

volume of gas oxygen that reacted = number of moles x molar gas volume = 0.125 x 22.4 dm3 = 2.8 dm3

3. Change the unit: number of moles

volume

b) ii) from the equation,

2 Mg (s) + O2 (g) 2 MgO (s) 1. Compared the stoichiometry of the equation.

2 mol Mg produced 2 mol MgO Thus, 0.25 mol Mg produced 0.25 mol MgO Number of molecule MgO that produced = number of moles x Avogadro number = 0.25 x 6.02 x 1023 = 1.56 x 1023 3. Change the unit: number of moles

2. Get the number of moles of MgO that produced.

Number of particles

Learning Outcomes:
State the meaning of chemical equation. Identify the reactants and products of a chemical equation. Write and balance chemical equations. Interpret chemical equations quantitatively and qualitatively. Solve numerical problems using chemical equations.