HP CHT C KIM

L nhng h/c c nguyn t kim loi lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t carbon trong gc hydrocarbon H/c c kim dng kh, lng, rn c tnc thp, tan trong dm ko phn cc nh hydrocarbon, ete 1. Cu to: Lin kt C M c t/c ion Ty thuc ha tr kim loi, c cc loi h/c c kim: RM, R2M, RMX, R3M (X= halogen) Thuc th Grignard: RMgX (X=Cl, Br, I)

2. Danh php:

Tn gc hu c + tn kim loi
(CH3)4Si tetramethylsilan (CH3CH2)4Pb tetraethylch (CH3)3Al trimethylnhm (CH3)2Hg dimethyl thy ngn

Tert-butyllithi (CH3CH2)2Mg diethylmagne (CH3CH2)3B triethylboran CH3Cu methyl ng

c tn nh mui v c
C2H5MgBr ethylmagnebromid CH3HgCl methyl thy ngn chlorid

CH3CH2AlCl2 ethyl nhm dichlorid

3. iu ch: 3.1. Phn ng gia RX vi kim loi: PTN thng /D iu ch h/c c lithi v magne, R-X hay dng l R-Br

/d iu ch alkan

H/c c Na, K ko /c theo pp ny v c p/ Wurtz H/c alkyldihalogenid td vi Mg, Zn thng to alken hay vng

3.2. Phn ng ca h/c c kim vi mui p/ xy ra ty thuc th kh ca 2 ion kim loi

Thuc th Grignard c dng thay kim loi vo alkyn:

ethynylmagnebromid

3.3. Thay kim loi vo lin kt C-H

3.4. Phng php iu ch c th: Cng hp vo alken, alkyn - Hydroboran ha:

- Cng hp 1 lkt Al-H vi alkyn:

Diisobutyl nhm hydrid

4. Cc phn ng ca h/c c kim 4.1. Tc dng vi h/c c hydro linh ng

4.2. Phn ng vi halogen: td mnh vi chlor v brom

4.3. Phn ng vi oxy: iu ch alcol

4.4. Phn ng vi h/c carbonyl

Vi formaldehyd to alcol bc 1:

Alcol 1o

Vi aldehyd to alcol bc 2:
Alcol 2o Vi ceton to alcol bc 3: Alcol 3o
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4.5. Cng vi acetylid v ankynid :

4.6. Phn ng vi carbondioxyd CO2. iu ch acid carboxylic

4.7. Phn ng vi epoxyd: /d tng 2C trn mch

4.8. Phn ng vi dn xut ca acid nh este, nitril, acylhalid

Vi nitril:
ceton

Vi acylhalid:
ceton Alcol bc 3

4.9. Phn ng vi cc h/c c kim khc to phc c kim

/d: cng 1,4 vo cc -ethylenic

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