Pp19a

CHAPTER 19 Onboard Diagnosis
OBJECTIVES
After studying Chapter 19, the reader will be able to:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Prepare for ASE Electrical/Electronic Systems (A6) certification test content area A (General Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnosis). Explain the purpose and function of onboard diagnosis. List the various duties of the diagnostic executive (task master). List five continuous monitors. List five noncontinuous monitors.
Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman
Copyright 2010, 2007, 2003 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 All rights reserved.
KEY TERMS
California Air Resources Board (CARB) Component identification (CID) Comprehensive component monitor (CCM) Diagnostic executive Enable criteria Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) monitor Federal Test Procedure (FTP) Freeze-frame
3
Functionality Malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) On-board diagnosis (OBD) Parameter identification (PID) Rationality Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Test identification (TID) Task manager
ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS GENERATIONII (OBD-II) SYSTEMS
PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF OBD II
The automotive industry calls these systems OnBoard Diagnostics (OBDs). The California Air Resources Board (CARB) developed the first regulation requiring manufacturers selling vehicles in that state to install OBD. OBD Generation I (OBD I) applies to all vehicles sold in California beginning with the 1988 model year.
FIGURE 191 A typical malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) often labeled check engine.
OBD-II OBJECTIVES
Generally, the CARB defines an OBD-II-equipped vehicle by its ability to do the following:
1. Detect component degradation or a faulty emissionrelated system that prevents compliance with federal emission standards. 2. Alert the driver of needed emission-related repair or maintenance. 3. Use standardized DTCs and accept a generic scan tool.
DIAGNOSTIC EXECUTIVE AND TASK MANAGER
On OBD-II systems, the PCM incorporates a special segment of software. On Ford and GM systems, this software is called the diagnostic executive. On Chrysler systems, it is called the task manager. This software program is designed to manage the operation of all OBD-II monitors by controlling the sequence of steps necessary to execute the diagnostic tests and monitors.
MONITORS
A monitor is an organized method of testing a specific part of the system. Monitors are simply tests that the computer performs to evaluate components and systems. If a component or system failure is detected while a monitor is running, a DTC will be stored and the MIL illuminated by the second trip. The two types of monitors are:

CONTINUOUS MONITORS NONCONTINUOUS MONITORS
OBD-II MONITOR INFORMATION

COMPREHENSIVE COMPONENT MONITOR
The circuits and components covered by the comprehensive component monitor (CCM) do not include those directly monitored by another monitor. However, OBD II also requires that inputs from powertrain components to the PCM be tested for rationality, and that outputs to powertrain components from the PCM be tested for functionality. Both inputs and outputs are to be checked electrically. Rationality checks refer to a PCM comparison of input value to values.
9
OBD-II MONITOR INFORMATION

CONTINUOUS RUNNING MONITORS ONCE PER TRIP MONITORS EXPONENTIALLY WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGE (EWMA) MONITORS NONCONTINUOUS MONITORS
10
ENABLING CRITERIA
With so many different tests (monitors) to run, the PCM needs an internal director to keep track of when each monitor should run. As mentioned, different manufacturers have different names for this director, such as the diagnostic executive or the task manager. Each monitor has enabling criteria. These criteria are a set of conditions that must be met before the task manager will give the goahead for each monitor to run.
11
ENABLING CRITERIA
Most enabling criteria follow simple logic, for example:
The task manager will not authorize the start of the O2S monitor until the engine has reached operating temperature and the system has entered closed loop. The task manager will not authorize the start of the EGR monitor when the engine is at idle, because the EGR is always closed at this time.
12
ENABLING CRITERIA

TRIP WARM-UP CYCLE MIL CONDITION: OFF MIL CONDITION: ON STEADY MIL CONDITION: FLASHING MIL: OFF
13
OBD-II DTC NUMBERING DESIGNATION
A scan tool is required to retrieve DTCs from an OBD-II vehicle. Every OBD-II scan tool will be able to read all generic Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) DTCs from any vehicle.
14
FIGURE 192 OBD-II DTC identification format.
15

DTC NUMBERING EXPLANATION TYPES OF DTCS

TYPE A CODES TYPE B CODES TYPE C AND D CODES
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE PRIORITY
16
OBD-II FREEZE-FRAME
To assist the service technician, OBD II requires the computer to take a snapshot or freeze-frame of all data at the instant an emission-related DTC is set. A scan tool is required to retrieve this data.
17
OBD-II FREEZE-FRAME
Freeze-frame items include:

Calculated load value Engine speed (RPM) Short-term and long-term fuel trim percent Fuel system pressure (on some vehicles) Vehicle speed (mph) Engine coolant temperature Intake manifold pressure Closed-open-loop status Fault code that triggered the freeze-frame
18
OBD-II FREEZE-FRAME
19
What Are Pending Codes?
Pending codes are set when operating conditions are met and the component or circuit is not within the normal range, yet the conditions have not yet been met to set a DTC. For example, a sensor may require two consecutive faults before a DTC is set. If a scan tool displays a pending code or a failure, a driveability concern could also be present. The pending code can help the technician to determine the root cause before the customer complains of a check engine light indication.
20
ENABLING CONDITIONS OR CRITERIA
These are the exact engine operating conditions required for a diagnostic monitor to run.
Example:

Specific RPM Specific ECT, MAP, run time, VSS, etc.
PENDING CONFLICT SUSPEND
21
PCM TESTS

RATIONALITY TEST FUNCTIONALITY TEST ELECTRICAL TEST
22
GLOBAL OBD-II
All OBD-II vehicles must be able to display data on a global (also called generic) scan tool under nine different modes of operation. The global (generic) data is used by most state emission programs. Global OBD-II displays often use hexadecimal numbers, which use 16 numbers instead of 10. The numbers 0 to 9 (zero counts as a number) make up the first 10 and then capital letters A to F complete the 16 numbers. To help identify the number as being in a hexadecimal format, a dollar sign ($) is used in front of the number or letter
23
GLOBAL OBD-II
24
How Can You Tell Generic from Factory?
When using a scan tool on an OBD-IIequipped vehicle, if the display asks for make, model, and year, then the factory or enhanced part of the PCM is being accessed. If the generic or global part of the PCM is being scanned, then there is no need to know the vehicle details.
25
SUMMARY
1.
2.
3. 4.
If the MIL is on, retrieve the DTC and follow the manufacturers recommended procedure to find the root cause of the problem. All monitors must have the enable criteria achieved before a test is performed. OBD-II vehicles use common generic DTCs. OBD II includes generic (SAE), as well as vehicle manufacturerspecific DTCs, and data display.
26
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
What does the PCM do during a trip to test emissionrelated components? What is the difference between a type A and type B OBD-II DTC? What is the difference between a trip and a warmup cycle? What could cause the MIL to flash?
27
CHAPTER QUIZ 1. A freeze-frame is generated on an OBD-II vehicle ________.

a. b. c. d.
When a type C or D diagnostic trouble code is set When a type A or B diagnostic trouble code is set Every other trip When the PCM detects a problem with the O2S
28
CHAPTER QUIZ 2. An ignition misfire or fuel mixture problem is an example of what type of DTC?
a. b. c. d.
Type A Type B Type C Type D
29
CHAPTER QUIZ 3. The comprehensive component monitor checks computercontrolled devices for_______.
a. b. c. d.
Opens rationality shorts-to-ground All of the above
30
CHAPTER QUIZ 4. OBD II has been on all passenger vehicles in the United States since ________.
a. b. c. d.
1986 1991 1996 2000
31
CHAPTER QUIZ 5. Which is a continuous monitor?

a. b. c. d.
Fuel system monitor EGR monitor Oxygen sensor monitor Catalyst monitor
32
CHAPTER QUIZ 6. DTC P0302 is a ________.

a. b. c. d.
Generic DTC Vehicle manufacturer-specific DTC Idle speed-related DTC Transmission/transaxle-related DTC
33
CHAPTER QUIZ 7. Global (generic) OBD II contains some data in what format?
a. b. c. d.
Plain English Hexadecimal Roman numerals All of the above
34
CHAPTER QUIZ 8. By looking at the way diagnostic trouble codes are formatted, which DTC could indicate that the gas cap is loose or defective?
a. b. c. d.
P0221 P1301 P0442 P1603
35
CHAPTER QUIZ 9. The computer will automatically clear a DTC if there are no additional detected faults after ________.
a. b. c. d.
Forty consecutive warm-up cycles Eighty warm-up cycles Two consecutive trips Four key-on/key-off cycles
36
CHAPTER QUIZ 10. A pending code is set when a fault is detected on ________.
a. b. c. d.
A one-trip fault item The first fault of a two-trip failure The catalytic converter efficiency Thermostat problem (too long to closed-loop status)
37

Pp19a

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Исходное описание:

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Pp19a

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

CHAPTER 19 Onboard Diagnosis

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS GENERATIONII (OBD-II) SYSTEMS

PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF OBD II

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS GENERATIONII (OBD-II) SYSTEMS

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS GENERATIONII (OBD-II) SYSTEMS

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

DIAGNOSTIC EXECUTIVE AND TASK MANAGER

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

CONTINUOUS MONITORS NONCONTINUOUS MONITORS

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

OBD-II MONITOR INFORMATION

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

OBD-II MONITOR INFORMATION

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Most enabling criteria follow simple logic, for example:

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

OBD-II DTC NUMBERING DESIGNATION

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

OBD-II DTC NUMBERING DESIGNATION

FIGURE 192 OBD-II DTC identification format.

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

OBD-II DTC NUMBERING DESIGNATION

DTC NUMBERING EXPLANATION TYPES OF DTCS

TYPE A CODES TYPE B CODES TYPE C AND D CODES

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE PRIORITY

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Freeze-frame items include:

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

What Are Pending Codes?

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

ENABLING CONDITIONS OR CRITERIA

Specific RPM Specific ECT, MAP, run time, VSS, etc.

PENDING CONFLICT SUSPEND

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

RATIONALITY TEST FUNCTIONALITY TEST ELECTRICAL TEST

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

How Can You Tell Generic from Factory?

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

CHAPTER QUIZ 1. A freeze-frame is generated on an OBD-II vehicle ________.

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Type A Type B Type C Type D

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

Opens rationality shorts-to-ground All of the above

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

1986 1991 1996 2000

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

CHAPTER QUIZ 5. Which is a continuous monitor?

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman

CHAPTER QUIZ 6. DTC P0302 is a ________.

Automotive Engine Performance, 3/e By James D. Halderman