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1. Organic compounds are based on carbon, and form the basis of biology and of many of the materials that you experience every day. 2. Carbon atoms make 4 covalent bonds, to other carbons and to many other elements in the periodic table. 3. A tremendous array of structures can be made with carbon as a building block, and these structures can display a great range of properties.
cis
trans
Composite materials are formed when a reinforcing material (glass fiber, graphite fiber) is blended into a matrix material (usually a polymer). Composite materials are usually stiffer and stronger than the pure polymer matrix.
Alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates and non-ionic surfactants like polyethylene glycol (PEG) are cleaning agents that remain soluble when bound to calcium.