Prepared by:

Physics department

2.2 MOTION GRAPH

Types of motion graphs

Displacement-Time graphs

Velocity-Time graphs

DISPLACEMENT-TIME GRAPHS
We can analyses the velocity of an object by plotting a graph of displacement against time The gradient of the displacement-time graph represent the velocity of the object

Object at rest

There is no change in the displacement over time The straight line graph is parallel to the time axis Velocity= gradient of graph = 0 m/s

Object moving with constant speed

The rate of change of displacement is constant the straight line graph has constant gradient Velocity= gradient of graph= 20/5 = 4 m/s

Object moving with acceleration

The rate of change of displacement is increasing The gradient of curve is increasing showing that the velocity is increasing The object experiences acceleration

Object moving with deceleration

The gradient is decreasing with time Velocity is decreasing with time

VELOCITY-TIME GRAPHS
The gradient of graph deceleration of and object represents the acceleration or

The area under the graph represents displacement traveled by the object

Object at rest

The gradient of the graph is zero and hence the acceleration of the object is always zero. The area under the graph is zero and hence the displacement traveled is zero

Object moving with constant speed

The gradient of the graph is zero and hence the acceleration of the object (constant velocity) The area under the graph = 10 x 2 = 20 m, hence the displacement traveled is 20 m

Object moving with constant acceleration

The gradient of graph is constant and hence the acceleration of object is always constant The area under the graph = (3 x 18) =27m The displacement traveled= 27m

Object moving with increasing acceleration

The graph is curve with increasing gradient The acceleration of the object is increasing Displacement is represented by the area under the graph

Object moving with decreasing acceleration

The graph is curve with decreasing gradient the acceleration is value of the gradient at that instant The acceleration of the object is decreasing Displacement is represent by area under the graph

EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2

1.

Figure above shows a displacement-time graph for a moving object. (a) What is the displacement of the object after 3 seconds? (b) What is the velocity of the object during (i) The first 3 seconds, (ii) The next 3 seconds? (c) Plot the velocity-time graph for the object.

NEXT

A particle starts to move to the north at time, t=0 s. The displacement-time graph above shows the particle moving from its original position from a tree. (a) What is the displacement of the particle from the tree at the start of its motion? (b) What is the velocity of the particle from t=2 s to t=6 s? (c) For how long did the particle move southwards? (d) At what time did the particle pass the position of the tree? (e) Calculate the (i) the average speed and (ii) the average velocity of the particle

2.

The velocity-time graph for a car traveling along straight line is shown in Figure below. (a) What is the acceleration of the car during the part of the journey represent by (i) OA (ii) AB (iii) BC (b) What is the total distance traveled by the car? (c) Calculate the average velocity of the car for its whole journey. (d) Plot the acceleration-time graph for the whole covered by the car.

NEXT

The above figure shows the velocity-time graph of a motorcycle starting from rest and traveling towards the north (a) What is the deceleration from t=10s to t=13s? (b) What is the displacement of the motorcycle after 13 s? (c) For how long was the motorcycle traveling towards the south? (d) What is the displacement of the motorcycle at t=20s? (e) What is the average velocity of the motorcycle for the whole journey?

Time to do exercise
2.2 Motion graph