EHV CIRCUIT BREAKERS

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

ABOUT SWITCHGEAR
1. EHV breaker manufacturing operations Started in 1969. 2. Pioneer in high voltage breaker in the country with more

than 15,000 (including MOCBs) breakers in the grid with

more than four decades of experience. 3. About 35% ( more than 700 nos.) population of 400kV breaker in Indian grid. 4. Complete range of manufacturing and test facilities for

breakers upto 800kV.

2 SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

Product range
SF6 gas circuit breaker Type 3AT4/5 550kV to 800kV Type 3AT2/3 420kV Type 3AV1 245kV Type 3AR1EG 145kV

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

CIRCUIT BREAKER

A circuit breaker is defined as a mechanical device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and also making, carrying for a specific time and breaking currents under specific abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit. The main functions of HV circuit-breakers can be categorized into four functions: Switching-off operating currents Switching-on operating currents Short-circuit current interruption Secure open and closed position
SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032. 4

Power Transmission system

Power plant

Transformer

Switch Yards

Transmission line

Switch Yard

Transformer

Local distribution net work

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

CIRCUIT BREAKER

Physical requirements of EHV CB: Behave as a good conductor during a closed position. Good isolator during an open position. Do not generate overvoltage's during switching.

Keep high reliability during operation

.

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

CLASIFICATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Based on Voltage Low -less than 1kV Medium - 1kV to 52kV High/Extra High- 66kV to 765kV Ultra High -above 765kV Based on location Indoor Outdoor

Based on External design dead tank Live tank Based on Interrupting media Air break Air blast Bulk oil Minimum oil SF6 gas insulated vacuum 7 SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

Circuit Breakers
Important standards IEC 62271-1General and definitions
62271-100 Classification, Design and construction, Type and routine testing, Selection of circuit breakers for service, Information in enquiries, tenders and orders.
SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD 032. 8

Circuit Breakers
ANSI(American National Standards Institute)
C37041979 Rating structure C37061979 Preferred ratings C37091979 Test procedure C37101979 Application guide C37111979 Application guide for transient recovery voltage C37121979 Capacitance current switching
SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD 032. 9

MAIN COMPONENTES 42OKV EHV CB

INTERRUPTER UNIT BELL CRANK HOUSING INSULATOR COLUMN

DRIVE UNIT

CONTROL UNIT

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

10

800kV Type 3AT4/5 SF6 Gas Breaker Pole Assembly

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

11

CIRCUIT BREAKER

Components of HV circuit-breakers regarding basic functions can be divided into five groups: a). Insulation: Electric insulation of HV CB is Gaseous, liquid and solid dielectric materials. Ex. Interrupter. b). Current carrying: The current carrying parts are significant components that

assure the flowing of current in the closed position.

The failure of these parts can lead to catastrophic events. Ex. Guide tube.
SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032. 12

CIRCUIT BREAKER

c). Switching:

HV circuit-breakers subjected to electrical, thermal and

mechanical stresses. It is required that they should be able to make and break large amount of power without causing failures.

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

13

CIRCUIT BREAKER

d). Operating mechanism:

The operating mechanism is a part used to move contacts

from open to closed position or inversely. Ex. Hydraulic Mechanism. e). Control and auxiliary functions: The signal is sent to the coil to move a latch or open a valve leading to energy release of a mechanical drive. .
SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032. 14

Classification of Breakers

DEAD TANK TYPE

LIVE TANK TYPE

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

15

Classification of Breakers

Indoor Switchgear (GIS)

Outdoor breakers (AIS)

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

16

SF6 GAS PROPERTIES

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

17

ARC INTERRUPTION

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

18

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

19

BREAKER'S OPERATION TIMES

Basic oprns of the CB is "CLOSE" when joining, and "TRIP" when parting the contacts. In most of the cases it has to execute on demand a combination of the basic operations, called cycles. The most popular are the following:

1. "TRIP FREE", (C-O): simulates a trip on short circuit after a "CLOSE". 2. "RECLOSE", (O-C): simulates a fast close after short circuit trip to reestablish the current. 3. "RECLOSE-OPEN", (O-0.3s-C-O): Simulates a "RECLOSE" on short circuit. The breaker should clear the fault successfully.
SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD 032. 20

BREAKER'S OPERATION TIMES

4. (C-O)-15 sec-(C-O)-15-sec-(C-O): simulates a multiple close after short circuit trips in purpose of re-establishing the current, hoping that the short circuit is disappeared. This cycle is mostly used in the Medium voltage appls. 5. The times measured, for the different cycles starting from the coil energizing until the switching of the main contacts are called the Breaker's mechanical times of operations.

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD 032.

21

Arc interruption in duel flow conducting nozzle interrupter

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

22

Arc-quenching in duel flow conducting nozzle interrupter

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

23

Arc-quenching in insulated nozzle interrupter

1. Terminal plate 2. Contact carrier 3. Main contact 4. Arcing contact

5. Nozzle 6. Contact cylinder 7. Base 8. Terminal plate

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD 032. 24

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

25

Blast cylinder assembly

26 SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

27

OPERATION OF CLOSING RESISTOR

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

28

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

29

Spring operated mechanisms

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

30

Pneumatic mechanism

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

31

COMPARISON OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC - PNEUMATIC - SPRING MECHANISMS

Electro Hydraulic Pneumatic Spring

1. No compressor is required Hydraulic pump is Compressor is required, which needs routine No compressor is required Hence no associated maintenance free and directly coupled to motor. maintenance (at least once a year). Compressors are maintenance problems. normally coupled to motor by belt, which is a weak link. Also intake air filters of compressors require frequent change (Every Six months in polluted atmosphere) 2. All parts permanently immersed in oil - No scope for All parts exposed to atmosphere. In addition, All parts exposed to atmosphere Heaters provided internal corrosion or rusting. atmospheric air is compressed and released to prevent condensation of moisture on parts of during closing / opening operation. During mechanism expansion, traces of moisture present in air inspite of purification / drying of air, condense on metal parts of the mechanism causing corrosion and rusting. 3. Minimal piping Oil flow is through ducts in valve Piping is involved - Scope for leakage. block assembly No scope for external leakage Internal leakage, if any, would only cause more frequent operation of motor at worst. No piping - No leakage.

4. No mechanical latches. Latches are to be checked for disturbances in settings Latches are to be checked for disturbances in settings The differential piston principle used clearly defines after specified no. of operations after specified no. of operations. the switching condition and ensures that this is maintained should there be a fall in pressure and that "creeping" trip out is prevented. 5. Small in size, compact and robust construction. Complex construction with many components Simple in design and construction. Less components Reliability very high. and moving parts - Reliability very low. and moving parts, hence reliable. 6. Two Close-Open operations are possible after failure One Open-Close-Open or Close-Open-Close One Open-Close-Open operation is possible after 32 of supply to motor. operation is possible after failure of supply to motor. failure of supply to the motor.

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

COMPARISON OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC - PNEUMATIC - SPRING MECHANISMS

Electro Hydraulic Pneumatic Spring

7 No additional damping system The damping required Additional damping system is required which is to be Additional damping system is required which is to be for both closing and opening is provided by the routinely checked and maintained. routinely checked and maintained. hydraulics of the operating mechanism. 8 No inter-posing mechanism. The piston system Inter-posing mechanism with linkages is required for Inter-posing mechanism with linkages is required for transmits the operating energy direct to the operating transmission of operating energy to the moving transmission of operating energy to the moving rod. contact system. contact system. 9 Low noise level High noise level Low noise level

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

33

145 kV TYPE 3AR1EG BREAKER

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

34

145kV hydraulic mechanism operated SF6 gas breaker

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

35

245kV TYPE 3AV1 BREAKER

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

36

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

37

800kV Type 3AT4/5 SF6 gas circuit breaker

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032.

38

Testing of circuit breaker

Type tests
High power tests
Direct tests synthetic tests
Short circuit tests Switching performance tests

High voltage tests Mechanical and environmental tests Temperature rise test

Routine tests
Mechanical operations test Measurement of contact resistance Voltage withstand test on control circuit Power frequency withstand test on main circuit High pressure test on Hydraulic mechanism SF6 gas tightness test Pump charging time for operations Leak testing hydraulic mechanism 39 SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD - 032. N2 leak test on accumulator

Thank you

SWITCHGEAR DIVISION, HYD 032.

40