History of Project Management

History of Project Management
Farrokh Alemi, Ph.D. Lee Baliton Chris Smith
Ancient History
Examples:
The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) The Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.)
Exceptional planning Coordination Allocation Hundreds of thousands of workers
Paid and Slave labor.

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Course on Project Management
Ancient History
Examples of ancient projects: The Great Pyramids of Giza (2,550 B.C.) and the Great Wall of China (221 B.C. - 206 B.C.) Exceptional planning Coordination Allocation Hundreds of thousands of workers

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Ancient History

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Ancient History

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Ancient History

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Ancient History
Similar basic elements of project management:

Managing resources Maintaining a schedule Coordinating different groups
All are used in todays modern project management practice
No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

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Ancient History


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Ancient History


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Ancient History


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Ancient History


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Ancient History


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Ancient History

Managing resourcesProject Management Maintaining a schedule was not really Coordinating different groups
the same

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The Early Years: Late 19th Century

PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce Seen in transportation, to manufacturing Large scale projects caused large scale management decisions. Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad
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PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce Seen in transportation, to manufacturing Large scale projects
Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad
15 Course on Project Management
PM emerged in the growing complexity of commerce Seen in transportation, to manufacturing Large scale projects
Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad
The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad
First large scale project management Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line Granted funding and land Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA
The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line Granted funding and land Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA
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The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act
Railway Telegraph line
Granted funding and land Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA
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The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line Granted funding and land Union Pacific to build west from Omaha, NE; Central Pacific east from Sacramento, CA
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The Transcontinental Railroad considered first large scale project management Officially started after President Lincoln signed the Pacific Railroad Act Authorized to build a railway and a telegraph line Granted funding and land
Union Pacific Central Pacific

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Transit party for running Lines - Salary per mo.
For running Levels.
1 Principal Assistant 1 Transit man 2 Axemen, each $40 2 Flagmen, each $35 1 Stakeman
$250 $150 $80 $70 $35
1 Leveller 1 Axeman
$100 $35
2 Rodmen, each $50 $100
2 Chainmen, each $50 $100
For running test Levels.
1 Leveller $80 1 Rodman $45 1 Axeman $35

Miscellaneous.
Party for taking Trigonometrical Observations of points along the line tracing up streams, rivers, &c.
1 transit man
$100
2 Tape men, each $40 $80

For sketching Topography.
2 Hunters, each $40 2 Teamsters, each $50 2 Wagons and Horses 1 Cook
$80 $100 $50

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1 Topographer $100 1 Draughtsman $100
1 Steward or Commissary $75
Source: Wikipedia: Theodore Judah http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Judah
Mid-19th century business leaders faced with task of organizing labor in manufacturing and assembly
Mid-19th century business leaders faced with task of organizing labor in manufacturing and assembly
Coffee break before and now
Modern Project Management 1900-1950 Henry Gantt
Modern project management
Construction Engineering Defense
Henry Gantt forefather of project management Known for planning and control techniques Gantt chart keeps track of project schedule.
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Modern project management came from construction, engineering, and defense Henry Gantt forefather of project management

Known for planning and control techniques Gantt chart keeps track of project schedule.
Source Gantt Charts at http://www.ganttchart.com/Evolution.html
Modern project management came from construction, engineering, and defense Henry Gantt forefather of project management

Known for planning and control techniques Gantt chart keeps track of project schedule.
Modern Project Management 1900-1950 Gantt chart
Modern Project Management 1900-1950 Frederic Taylor
Work breakdown Piecemeal work
Source: Fredrick Taylor entry in Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
Modern Project Management 1900-1950 Frederic Taylor
Source: Fredrick Taylor entry in Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond
Pre-1950s ad-hoc project management Gantt charts and other informal techniques were used Early 1950s modern project management
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - PERT
Two mathematical scheduling methods Program Evaluation Review Technique or PERT

Analyzes the tasks Identifies minimum amount of time
Edwin Booz
Two mathematical scheduling methods Program Evaluation Review Technique or PERT Analyzes the tasks Identifies minimum amount of time
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Source: The Story of Consulting: 1920-1939 http://www.agcon.com/HTML/site_content/page_episode_2_en.html
Two mathematical scheduling methods Program Evaluation Review Technique or PERT

Analyzes the tasks Identifies minimum amount of time
Edwin Booz
Source: The Story of Consulting: 1920-1939 http://www.agcon.com/HTML/site_content/page_episode_2_en.html
Source: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3APert_chart_colored.gif
Duration
Optimistic 4 Most likely Pessimistic 6

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Source: Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image%3APert_chart_colored.gif
Modern Project Management 1950 and beyond - CPM
The Critical Path Method developed for plant maintenance projects Algorithm for scheduling project activities. A CPM diagram based on the following project elements:
List of all activities required for project Length of time for each activity Dependencies between the activities.
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The Critical Path Method developed for plant maintenance projects Algorithm for scheduling project activities. CPM diagram

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List of all activities required for project Length of time for each activity Dependencies among the activities
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List of all activities required for project Length of time for each activity Dependencies among the activities
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CPM diagram of a construction project
Critical Path Method allowed the selection of a path that would minimize the time to end of the project. This allowed project managers, for the first time, to optimize the sequence of scheduling project tasks
A lot of misunderstanding
This lecture continues in a separate set of slides

Part two of this lecture focuses on recent history of project management
58

History of Project Management

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History of Project Management

Farrokh Alemi, Ph.D. Lee Baliton Chris Smith

Exceptional planning Coordination Allocation Hundreds of thousands of workers

Paid and Slave labor.

Course on Project Management

Paid and Slave labor.

Course on Project Management

Paid and Slave labor.

Course on Project Management

Paid and Slave labor.

Course on Project Management

Paid and Slave labor.

Course on Project Management

Similar basic elements of project management:

All are used in todays modern project management practice

No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

Course on Project Management

Similar basic elements of project management:

All are used in todays modern project management practice

No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

Course on Project Management

Similar basic elements of project management:

All are used in todays modern project management practice

No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

Course on Project Management

Similar basic elements of project management:

All are used in todays modern project management practice

No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

Course on Project Management

Similar basic elements of project management:

All are used in todays modern project management practice

No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

Course on Project Management

Similar basic elements of project management:

All are used in todays modern project management practice

No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

Course on Project Management

Similar basic elements of project management:

All are used in todays modern project management practice

No evidence that they used optimal scheduling

Course on Project Management

The Early Years: Late 19th Century

Course on Project Management

The Early Years: Late 19th Century

Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad

15 Course on Project Management

The Early Years: Late 19th Century

Example is the 1862 Transcontinental Railroad

16 Course on Project Management

The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad

17 Course on Project Management

The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad

Course on Project Management

The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad

Railway Telegraph line

Course on Project Management

The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad

Course on Project Management

The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad

Union Pacific Central Pacific

Course on Project Management

The Early Years: Transcontinental Railroad

For running Levels.