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1 UNDERSTANDING
WAVES
WAVES
wave
WAVEFRONT WAVE PROPAGATION GRAPH AMPLITUDE ( a ) PERIOD ( T ) FREQUENCY ( f ) WAVELENGTH ( ) DISPLACEMENT-TIME DISPLACEMENT-DISTANCE TYPE OF WAVE TRANSVERSE WAVE LIGHT WAVE
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE
WAVESPEED ( v )
SOUND WAVE
A) WAVE MOTION
1. Wave : a) Is a travelling disturbance (particle) from a vibrating (bergetar) or oscillating (berayun) source. b) As a wave travels, it carries energy along with it in the direction of its propagation (perambatan).
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4. MEDIUM
Meaning :Substance or material that carries the wave Sound Ocean Slinky spring People in a stadium
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STADIUM WAVE
Two main types of waves: A)Transverse waves (gelombang melintang) B) Longitudinal waves (gelombang membujur)
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5. TYPES OF WAVES
I. Transverse Waves
a) Wave moves left to right or viceversa
b) Particles (disturbance) vibrates up and down c) Meaning : The direction of propagation of wave is perpendicular to the direction of vibration of particle
Direction of vibration of particle
Transverse Wave
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f). Part of Transverse Wave : i. Crest (Puncak) = top of wave ii.Trough (Lembangan) = bottom of wave
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Longitudinal waves
d) Examples :
i. Sound wave ii. Seismic wave
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f) Part of Longitudinal Wave : i. Compression (Mampatan)- particles are closest together ii. Rarefaction (Regangan) particles are further apart
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TERMINOLOGIES OF WAVES
A) Amplitude B) Period C) Frequency D) Wavelength (Lambda) E) Wave speed / velocity
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1) Amplitude, a
i. Meaning :
- Maximum displacement from equilibrium line (sesaran maksimum dari garis keseimbangan) ii. = Displacement from crest / trough to equilibrium line iii. Is equal to energy of wave iv. SI unit : m or cm
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Amplitude
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i. Meaning :
2) Period, T
- Time taken for one complete oscillation or vibration ii. Formula : T = 1 (f = frequency) f iii. SI unit : second (s) // Hz-1
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i. Meaning :
3) Frequency, f
ii. Formula :
- The number of complete oscillation / vibration /waves in one second (or in one period time)
f = 1 T iii. SI unit : Hertz (Hz) // s-1 iv. Example : Frequency 90.1 MHz means 90.1 x 106 vibrations in one second
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i. Meaning :
4) Wavelength, (Lambda)
- The distance between two adjacent points which has same phase ii. Examples : - The distance between one crest to adjacent crest // one trough to adjacent trough iii. SI unit : m
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i. Meaning :
- The measurement of how fast a wave is moving from a fixed point -1 -1 ii.SI unit : m s // cm s
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(m)
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Period, T
Time (s)
Period, T
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Wavelength
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As frequency increases
a) Wavespeed increases b) Wavelength decreases c) Energy increases
f = v
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7. Example :
SOLUTION ????
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Period, T = 2 l g
T=4
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b) Loaded Spring
Period, T = 2 m
k
m = mass of load
k = stiffness of spring // spring constant
T=4
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4. As the energy of a system decreases, the amplitude also decreases, but the period remains unchanged. 5. Types of damping : a) External damping ( Pelembapan Luaran)
B) Resonance
2. But when a system is forced to vibrate with its natural frequency, that system is said to vibrate at resonance.
3. Force motion is motion produced when an external vibrating force acted upon a system
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4. Natural frequency is the . . 5. When resonance occur, the system is forced to vibrates with maximum amplitude because it receives maximum energy from external system
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1. The natural frequency of a simple pendulum depends on its length. 2. When pendulum X is set into oscillation, its energy is transferred through a thread to another pendulum. 3. Other pendulum are forced to swing at the same frequency as X.
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4. Do you notice that pendulums X and D are moving in the same phase after some time ? 5. Pendulum X and D are of same length, therefore pendulum D will force to resonate with maximum amplitude.
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D) Useful Resonance
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D) Useful Resonance
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D) Useful Resonance
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1. Resonance of bridges - Due to strong gusts of wind can lead to their collapse. An example is the collapse of the largest suspension bridge in the world, that is the Tacoma Narrows Bridge at Washington USA in 1940
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2. Earthquake - Buildings often vibrate in resonation to seismic waves causing them to collapse.
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Question 1 :
natural resonance loud sound same frequency
Fill in the blanks using the word above : When the (1) frequency of the air column is the same as the (2) . of the vibrating tuning fork, (3) occurs and result in a (4).. . During resonance, the tuning fork and the air column share the (5) .. vibration frequency.
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Question 2 :
Figure above shows Bartons pendulum system. a) When pendulum X is set into oscillation, what happen to other pendulums ? b) Which pendulum of A, B, C, D and E will oscillates with largest amplitude? Give a reason for your answer.
QUESTIONS
Mini-quiz to check your understanding
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