we owe our heartiest thanks to our class teacher and also our science teacher Ms.

Bharthi maam who gave us innovative ideas and motivated us to learn about our environment and guided us in doing this project. This project could not have been completed without the guidance and support of our friends and our Parents who are also our team members. And our principal maam ms Geetha Basavaraju who stood by us in all Endeavour. And last but the least our school management
2

A disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.

The human body takes time to adjust to any kind of change, whether it is a change in diet, a change in geography, or a change in temperature and climate. Every time the season changes, our body takes time to get accustomed to it, giving infections an opportunity to attack it. During this period of adjustment to the changing season, the body's immunity tends to be low and therefore the body is susceptible to attacks from viruses and bacteria.

Done By Hari

Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes. Many strains of tuberculosis resist the drugs most used to treat the disease. People with active tuberculosis must take several types of medications for many months to eradicate the infection and prevent development of antibiotic resistance.

Tuberculosis is ultimately caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis a bacterium that is spread from person to person through airborne particles This can happen when someone with the untreated, active form of tuberculosis coughs, speaks, sneezes, spits, laughs or sings. Although tuberculosis is contagious, it's not easy to catch. You're much more likely to get tuberculosis from someone you live with or work with than from a stranger. Most people with active TB who've had appropriate drug treatment for at least two weeks are no longer contagious.

Most people who become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis do not present symptoms of the disease. However, when symptoms are present, they include: unexplained weight loss fatigue shortness of breath fever night sweats chills loss of appetite.

 Wash your hands after sneezing, coughing or holding your hands near your mouth or nose. Cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough, sneeze or laugh. Discard used tissues in a plastic bag, then seal and throw it away. Do not attend work or school. Avoid close contact with others. Sleep in a room away from other family members. Ventilate your room regularly. TB spreads in small closed spaces. Put a fan in your window to blow out air that may contain bacteria.

Most TB is curable, but Four or more drugs required for the simplest regimen 6-9 or more months of treatment required Person must be isolated until non-infectious Directly observed therapy to assure adherence/completion recommended Side effects and toxicity common May prolong treatment May prolong infectiousness Other medical and psychosocial conditions complicate therapy TB may be more severe Drug-drug interactions common

Dengue, also known as break bone fever, due to the extreme pain caused in bones and muscles, is a mosquitoborne infection transmitted through the bite of an infected female Aedes aegypti mosquito. The mosquitoes which acquire the virus from already infected humans also known to be the primary host of the virus are capable of transmitting the virus for the rest of their life after 4-10 days of virus incubation. These mosquitoes breed in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide.

There is no direct human to human transmission of the virus. However, dengue can be transmitted via infected blood transfusion and organ donation. Aedes aegypti which primarily bites during the day time breeds mostly in man-made containers. They bite multiple people during each feeding period and peak biting periods are early in the morning and in the evening before dusk. There are four serotypes of the virus that cause dengue - DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. Having recovered from one virus strain provides lifelong immunity against that particular serotype, but cross-immunity i.e. being infected by a different serotype increases risk of developing severe dengue which can be fatal. According to WHO, the number of dengue cases reported has increased predominantly in urban and semi-urban areas and has become a major international public health concern.

Prevention is the only way to combat the mosquitoborne disease. Prevent measures include: These mosquitoes breed in accumulated water and unhygienic conditions. The best way is to eliminate all the possible breeding grounds for the mosquitoes Regular cleaning, emptying and covering of water storage containers Using mosquito repellents, nets Wear long-sleeved clothes) Active monitoring and surveillance of vectors

There is no known vaccine to treat dengue prevention is the only way to keep away from the virus.

Hospitals offer only supportive care in order to maintain the body fluid levels and platelet transfusion in case it drops to extremely low.

(A normal platelet count in a healthy individual is between 150,000 and 450,000 per microliter of blood).

 Chicken pox is a viral disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is a communicable disease and acute disease which generally causes around 250-500 blisters and red spots throughout the body.

 The varicella zoster virus spreads from air through the droplets of water that are expelled from the sneezing or coughing of a person suffering from chicken pox.

Fever Aching muscles Loss in appetite Itchy rashes Blisters

 As Chicken pox is a communicable disease, you should stay a little away from the person suffering from chicken pox and also must not touch any of his belongings such as his clothes, hand-kerchief etc. There is a vaccine available for chicken-pox.

Influenza

Done By Preksha

Influenza (also known as the flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccination each year. Complications of influenza can include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections, dehydration, and worsening of chronic medical conditions, such as congestive heart failure, asthma, or diabetes.

The flu is caused by influenza virus types A, B, and C. Both type A and type B flu viruses are responsible for the seasonal outbreaks of flu. Type A flu viruses are found in many different animals, including ducks, chickens, pigs, and horses. Influenza B viruses circulate widely only among humans. Flu viruses spread mainly from person to person, through coughing or sneezing by people infected with influenza. Sometimes people may become infected by touching a contaminated surface and then touching their mouth or nose.

Healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning one day before symptoms develop and up to seven days after becoming sick. This means a person may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before ever knowing they are sick.

 The most important step in flu prevention is getting vaccinated each year with a flu shot. Avoid close contact with people who are sick, stay home when you are sick, cover your mouth and nose When you cough or sneeze, wash your hands, avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth, get plenty of sleep, and drink plenty of fluids. In certain situations, antiviral drugs can be used to prevent seasonal influenza.

 If you get the flu, there are some actions you can take at home, such as getting plenty of rest, drinking plenty of liquids, avoiding alcohol and tobacco use, and taking medication to relieve the symptoms of flu. Using aspirin or ibuprofen can also help to treat the fever, headaches and muscle aches associated with the flu. Aspirin should never be used to treat flulike symptoms in children. Antiviral drugs may also be prescribed for treating the flu, depending upon the duration of illness, severity of symptoms, and your medical history.

Cholera
Done By Sai Preetham

Cholera is an infectious disease that causes severe watery diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration and even death if untreated It is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with a bacterium called Vibrio cholerae.

Vibrio cholera, the bacterium that causes cholera, is usually found in food or water contaminated by feces from a person with the infection. Common sources include: Municipal water supplies Ice made from municipal water Foods and drinks sold by street vendors Vegetables grown with water containing human wastes Raw or undercooked fish and seafood caught in waters polluted with sewage When a person consumes the contaminated food or water, the bacteria release a toxin in the intestines that produces severe diarrhea. It is not likely you will catch cholera just from casual contact with an infected person.

Although there is a vaccine against cholera, the CDC and World Health Organization don't normally recommend it because it may not protect up to half of the people who receive it and it lasts only a few months. However, you can protect yourself and your family by using only water that has been boiled, water that has been chemically disinfected, or bottled water. Be sure to use the bottled, boiled

Drinking Preparing food or drinks Making ice Brushing your teeth Washing your face and hands Washing dishes and utensils that you use to eat or prepare food Washing fruits and vegetables

Hari V.K.Akash Preksha Nikhil Sai Preetham