WHAT IS MATTER?

Matter is everything around us that has mass and occupies space. Living things and non-living things are matter.
Non-living Things Air, water, wood and soil Living Things Insect, birds and human beings.

Non matter : Heat, Light and Sound

Showing that matter has mass and occupies space

Two balance balloon

Pin

Air leaks P from the balloon The balloon filled with air Q is heavier

THE STATES OF MATTER

Matter is made up of very small and discrete particles which we call atoms, ions and molecules. Matter exists in three states. They are either solids, liquids or gases.
Showing that matter is made up of particles.
Potassium manganate (Vll) Water

Potassium manganate (Vll) solution

The arrangement of particles in matter

Solids Liquids Gases

The particles are arranged closely and there are very little space between the particles. Has a fixed volume, a fixed shape and cannot compressed.

The particles are arranged closely but there is more space between the particles. Has a definite volume, but not definite shape and difficult to compress.

The particles are further apart and there is a lot of space between the particles. Has no definite volume and shape. Can be compressed with ease.

Kinetic Theory Of Matter

The Kinetic Theory of Matter explains the forces between molecules and the movement of particles in matter. The movement of particles in different matter is not same, depends on the temperature and attraction force between the particles. If the temperature is increased the kinetic energy of particles also increase.

The movement of particles in matter

Solids Liquids Gases

The particles are held closely together by very strong forces. They can only vibrate from side to side and spin around their.

The particles are further apart and vibrate but not in fixed positions. They move randomly and the collision between these particles take place frequently.

The particle are widely space and move randomly in all directions at high speed. Collisions between gas particles take place more frequently than collision particles of liquids.

4h

Questions.
1. Classify the following as solids, liquids or gases at room temperature
a. b. c. d. Ice Methane Hydrogen Mercury e. Lead f. Steam g. Alcohol

2.

When 50 ml of alcohol is mixed with 50 ml of water in a measuring cylinder, the volume of the mixture is less than 100 ml. what can you infer from this?
A. B. C. D. The alcohol particles combine with the water particles The alcohol particles evaporate rapidly in water The alcohol particles fill the spaces between the water particles The alcohol particles move closer in water

MATTER AROUND US
MATTER
What is matter?
Three States of Matter

Solids

Liquids
Arrangement of particles Theory kinetic of particles

Gases

Solid

Liquid

Gas

c. The alcohol particles fill

the spaces between the water particles

Question 2