Humanities 10 : the importance of cultural universals and the struggle for equality worldwide

DATE

UNIT 4

ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATES

Essential Questions
(Write these on your title page!)

What must we understand

before we can address the importance of cultural universals and the search for equality throughout the world? How do the stories of a culture reflect their values and beliefs? How do classic heroes differ from modern heroes, and what is their purpose?

How does Playing for Change reflect all three of the following?
a. cultural universal b. cultural conflict c. cultural tradition 8 lines 5 minutes

TYPE 2 WRITING

TYPE ONE WRITING

(write the questions first)

How do you think the earliest people learned? Who taught what to whom, and how did they teach it?

5 lines

5 minutes

Storytelling Notes/Vocab
People began telling stories long before they started writing them down

P. 45

STORY TELLING is culturally universal:

Oral tradition: passing down stories told aloud from

generation to generation

embellishment: how stories change over time

through exaggeration

Didactic: designed to teach

P. 45

Storytelling Notes/Vocab
genres (categories) of story telling
anecdote: short instructional/entertaining story about some happening,
usually personal

legend: widely told story (location and culture specific) usually with some

basic in truth (jersey devil, lockness monster, sasquatch)

folktale/folklore: exists only in oral tradition, story which not only reflects values and traditions, but encourages heroic/correct behavior (bloody mary)

fable: short story with animal characters that teaches a lesson or moral
(tortoise and the hare)

proverbs: short sayings that express a common truth or familiar experience (dont cry over spilled milk)

genres (categories) of story telling (cont.)

MYTHS:

Originated in oral ancient tradition (many share similarities)

Entertaining story with a serious purpose (explain or instruct) Myths focus on gods Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature

NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.)

EPICS:

LONG NARRATIVE STORIES/POEMS ABOUT A HERO AND HIS ADVENTURES

Vocab related to HEROES AND EPICS

Characteristics of the CLASSIC

P. 47

HERO:

unusual birth
part god/favored by gods extraordinary strength kills monsters with special weapons goes on an arduous journey - QUEST visits the underworld unusual death

Odysseus
Classic hero of the odyssey
EPIC POEM:750 AND 650 B.C.E rhapsode (STORYTELLER): HOMER

Important characteristics of Odysseus/The Odyssey

SYMBOLIZES the journey of life and its challenges Stresses the VALUES of: Using ones brain to get out of tough situations GUILE (trickery): Odysseus escapes the cyclops Pride (HUBRIS) as bad behavior / TRAGIC FLAW (Odysseus yells his name to the cyclops) Rudeness as bad behavior (Circe turns men to pigs) Making difficult decisions (Scylla and Charybdis)

Withstanding temptation (Sirens)

Vocab related to HEROES AND EPICS

SUPERHERO: modeled after classic hero TRAGIC FLAW: a flaw leading to the downfall of a hero or heroine (usually pride) MODERN HEROES: everyday heroes

dont typically have a flaw in our minds

didnt ask to be heroes right place right time Man Is Rescued by Stranger on Subway Tracks

PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES

Symbolize the human experience

Embody the spiritual values of a culture

Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature

NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.)

Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of heroes, mistakes of fools) Illustrate striking similarities as well as differences between cultures Preserve elements of culture/history Encourage pride in culture Teach moral lesson/correct or incorrect behavior

PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES

Symbolize the human experience

Embody the spiritual values of a culture

Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature

NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.)

Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of heroes, mistakes of fools) Illustrate striking similarities as well as differences between cultures Preserve elements of culture/history Encourage pride in culture Teach moral lesson/correct or incorrect behavior

Vocab related to BELIEFS

RELIGION: the belief in and worship of God or gods/goddesses DIETY/DIVINITIES: GOD/GODS

MONOTHEISTIC: ONE GOD

POLYTHEISTIC: MULTIPLE GODS RITUAL: A TRADITION THAT INVOLVES RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

PHILOSOPHY: belief system without gods

FATE: the force that guides the outcome of ones life SUPERSTITION: irrational beliefs that certain things will influence outcomes OMEN: an event regarded as a sign of good or evil

PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES

________________ the human experience Embody the spiritual ______________ of a culture

Explain: _____________, natural phenomenon, ______________

NATURAL PHENOMENON: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________

Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of ___________, mistakes of _____________) Illustrate striking _________________ as well as differences between cultures Preserve elements of _____________/history Encourage ___________ in culture Teach ____________ lesson/correct or incorrect behavior

INEQUALITY
Types of INEQUALITY we will study:

RACIAL (color, ethnicity)

SOCIAL CLASS (based on wealth, power, education, occupation) GENDER (men/women) RELIGIOUS

INEQUALITY VOCAB
INEQUALITY: an unfair situation, in which some groups in society have more money, opportunities, power, etc. than other DISCRIMINATION: the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way:

RACISM: unfair treatment of people, or violence against them, because they belong to a different race STEREOTYPE: to decide unfairly that a type of person has particular qualities or abilities because they belong to a particular race, sex, or social class

INEQUALITY VOCAB
PREJUDICE: an unreasonable dislike and distrust of people who are different from one in some way, especially because of their race, sex, religion etc. BIAS: an opinion about whether a person, group, or idea is good or bad which influences how you deal with it ETHNOCENTRISM: evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture

MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: a way of thinking that involves ideas from many different countries, races, or religions

I Have A Dream Speech decompressor are need ed to see this p icture .28, 1963 August
March on Washington, Washington, DC Steps of the Lincoln Memorial

Martin Luther King Jr. QuickTime an d a

INEQUALITY VOCAB
INEQUALITY: an _______ situation, in which some groups in society have more __________, ______________, ____________ etc. than others DISCRIMINATION: the practice of treating one person or group ___________ from another in an _____________ way:

RACISM: unfair _____________ of people, or ____________ against them, because they belong to a different race STEREOTYPE: to decide unfairly that a type of person has particular qualities or ___________ because they belong to a particular ________, sex, or ______________

INEQUALITY VOCAB
PREJUDICE: an _____________ dislike and distrust of people who are different from one in some way, especially because of their _______, ______, _____________ etc. BIAS: an ________ about whether a person, group, or idea is _________ or _________ which influences how you deal with it
ETHNOCENTRISM: the idea that ___________ race, ________, group etc. is better than any other MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: a way of thinking that includes ideas from many different __________, __________, or ______________

In-Class Essay: Forrest Gump and American Culture

Choose ONE of the following THESIS STATEMENTS:
1.THE FILM FORREST GUMP DEPICTS SEVERAL inequalities THAT EXIST IN AMERICAN CULTURE, FOR INSTANCE __________________, _________________ AND ___________________. 2.THE FILM FORREST GUMP PORTRAYS SEVERAL American beliefs and values, FOR INSTANCE __________________, __________________ AND ________________________. 3.3. THE CHARACTER OF FOREST GUMP EXEMPLIFIES CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH THE classic hero and the modern hero IN THE SENSE THAT HE ____________________ AND ________________________.

WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS
FOLLOW HOOKS WITH

BACKGROUND THAT
PROVIDES YOUR READER WITH NECESSARY INFORMATION AND TRANSITIONS INTO YOUR THESIS

OFTEN INCLUDED IN THIS

PART OF AN INTRODUCTION Title, author, setting,

WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS
END INTRODUCTIONS WITH A

THESIS STATEMENT THAT

INCLUDES THE TOPICS OF EACH BODY PARAGRAPH

TOPIC + OPINION = THESIS

The film Forrest Gump depicts several inequalities that exist in American culture, for instance ___________, __________ and ___________.

WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS

BEGIN YOUR CONCLUSION BY

RESTATING YOUR THESIS IN

DIFFERENT WORDS

FINISH WITH A RECAP OF YOUR MAIN POINTS AND YOUR FINAL THOUGHTS

WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS
AVOID FIRST PERSON ( I ) AND SECOND PERSON ( YOU ) IN YOUR ESSAYS UNLESS APPROPRIATE OR NECESSARY.