Presented

by :
Sagar Kumar
Gupta
Reg.no.-
00600311
Dept. of EEE
cochin
university of
science and
 Next few minutes
…….
• What is ZigBee ?
• ZigBee Overview
• IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN
• ZigBee Networking Basics
• Technology Comparisons
• Applications
• Conclusion
• References
 What is ZigBee ?
• ZigBee is a wireless networking technology.
• ZigBee is the set of specifications built around
the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless protocol.
• ZigBee technology is a low data rate, low power
consumption, low cost, wireless networking
protocol targeted towards automation and
remote control applications.
• ZigBee ideal for harsh radio environments in
isolated locations.
 Need for
•
ZigBee
ZigBee was created to satisfy the market's need
of a standards-based wireless network that is
– cost-effective
– supports low data rates
– low power consumption
– secure and reliable
• ZigBee is the only wireless standards-based
technology:
– that addresses the unique needs of remote monitoring &
control, and sensory network applications.
– enables broad-based deployment of wireless networks with low
cost, low power solutions.
– provides the ability to run for years on inexpensive primary
batteries for a typical monitoring application
 ZigBee
Alliance
• The ZigBee Alliance is an association of companies
working together to enable reliable, cost-effective,
low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and
control products based on an open global standard
( IEEE 802.15.4 PAN )
• Open and global
► Anyone can join and participate
► Membership is global
 Why the name
ZigBee ?
• The name "ZigBee" is derived from the
erratic zig zag patterns many bees make
between flowers when collecting pollen.
This is suggestive of the invisible webs of
connections existing in a fully wireless
environment, similar to the way packets
would move through a mesh network.
 IEEE 802.15.4
WPAN
• Wireless personal area networks (WPANs) are
used to convey information over relatively short
distances.
• The main features of this standard are network
flexibility, low cost, very low power consumption,
and low data rate in an adhoc self-organizing
network among inexpensive fixed, portable and
moving devices
 ZigBee
Characteristics
 ZigBee operates is one of three license free bands
 2.4 GHz, 915 MHz for North America, and 868 MHz for
Europe
 At 2.4 GHZ, there are a total of 16 channels available
with a maximum data transfer of 250 kbps
 At 915 MHz: 10 channels for a max 40 kbps transfer
rate
 At 868 MHz: 1 channel for a max 20 kbps transfer rate
 ZigBee incorporates a CSMA-CA protocol
 This protocol that reduces the probability of interfering with
other users and automatic retransmission of data ensures
robustness.
 Yields high throughput and low latency for low duty cycle
devices like sensors and control.
 ZigBee
Characteristics
 Multiple topologies : star, peer-to-peer, mesh
topologies
 Low power consumption with battery life ranging from
months to years
128-bit AES encryption – Provides secure connections
between devices
Addressing space of up to 64 bit IEEE address devices
Up to 65,535 nodes on a network
Optional guaranteed time slot for applications
requiring low latency
Fully reliable hand-shake protocol for transfer
reliability
Range: 10 to 100m. Typical (Up to 400m max.)
 DEVICE TYPES
■ There are three different ZigBee device types

■ The ZigBee (PAN) coordinator node

■ The Full Function Device (FFD)

■ The Reduced Function Device (RFD)

 ZIGBEE TOPOLOGY
 ZigBee Supports 3 Topologies
 Star topology
 Peer to Peer topology
 Cluster Tree or Mesh Topology
STAR TOPOLOGY
PEER TO PEER
TOPOLOGY
CLUSTER TREE
TOPOLOGY
 ZigBee
Architecture
ZigBee Application
layer

ZigBee Network
layer

802.15.4 MAC I
E ZigBee
E
802.15.PHY 802.15.4 E ALLIANCE
868 /915MHz PHY
2.4 Ghz
 Network Layer AND
Application Layer
 This level in the ZigBee architecture includes

 The ZigBee Device Object (ZDO)

 User-Defined Application Profile(s)

 The Application Support (APS) Sub-layer.

 PHY LAYER
The PHY service enables the transmission and
reception of PHY protocol data units (PPDU) across
the physical radio channel.
The features of the IEEE 802.15.4 PHY physical layer
are
 Activation and deactivation of the radio transceiver,
 energy detection (ED),
 Link quality indication (LQI),
 Clear channel assessment (CCA),
 Channel selection.
 MAC LAYER
The MAC service enables the transmission
and reception of MAC protocol data units
(MPDU) across the PHY data service.
 The features of MAC sub layer are
 Beacon Management,
 CSMA-CA Mechanism,
 GTS management,
 Acknowledged frame delivery,
 DATA TRANSFER
• Information in a ZigBee network is transferred in
packets
• Each packet has a maximum size of 128 bytes,
allowing for a maximum payload of 104 bytes.
• The ZigBee specification supports a maximum
data transfer rate of 250 kbps for a range of up to
100 meters
• A ZigBee network has an optimal super frame
structure with a method for time synchronization
• For priority messages, a guaranteed time slot
mechanism has been incorporated . This allows
high priority messages to be sent across the
network as rapidly as possible.
DATA TRANSFER

BEACON MODE NON-BEACON MODE

DATA TRANSFER

BEACON MODE NON-BEACON MODE

ZIGBEE MESH
NETWORKING
 TECHNOLOGY
COMPARISIONS
 CONCLUSION
• Comparing ZigBee technology with the present
Bluetooth technology it is evident that ZigBee can
have a safe future in this effervescent world of
technology.
• There is definitely a place on the market for ZigBee,
since no global standard exists today in the wireless
sensor network area.
 REFERENCES
• Understanding ZigBee , July 2009.
• ZigBee “ wireless sensors and control networks”
presented at Wireless Congress 2008.
• ZigBee “ the green wireless solution” published by
Bob Heile, Chairman, ZigBee alliance - December 1,
2008.
• ZigBee Technical Overview , Tokyo Members Meeting
Open House, Tokyo, Japan - February 28, 2008.

Websites :-
• 1. http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/zigbee
• 2. http://www.zigbee.org
• 3. http://www.wisegeek.com