TRACEABILITY TRAINING (UFUATILIAJI WA CHAKULA)

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

WITH DERIMEX FOOD TECHNOLOGIES

CHIEF TRAINER: JOHNSON GITONGA COMPANY TRAINED: JADE FRESH LTD DATE: DECEMBER 2013

Maangazio Katika Somo

Baada ya hili somo, kila msomaji ataweza: (Farmers)
Kueleza kuhusu ufuatiliaji wa chakula. Kujua sera mbali mbali ambazo tunatumia tukiongea kuhusu ufuatiliaji wa chakula. Kueleza umuhimu wa ufuatiliaji wa chakula. Kuelewa umuhimu wake kwa kutekeleza juhudi za ufuatiliaji wa chakula

(Shed Management)
Differentiate between Tracing and Tracking, and between descending traceability and ascending traceability. Name the 4 key points of a traceability system. Conduct mass balance and due diligence exercises Conduct a Mock Recall Exercise. Understand Individual roles in fulfillment of traceability

Definition of Traceability

The ISO 9000:2000 standard defines traceability as "The ability to trace the history, application or location of that which is under consideration". In other words, traceability makes it possible to identify the following for a product:

All of its manufacturing steps The sources of its components and their suppliers The places the product and its components have been stored All controls and tests carried out on the product and its components The equipment used to make and handle the product Direct customers who bought the product.

Ufuatiliaji wa mavuno ni nini?

Ufuatiliaji wa chakula unampa mtu uwezo wa kupa chakula utambulisho kuhusu:
Jinsi ambayo mavuno yamelimwa kwa shamba mbegu, madawa yaliyotumiwa na kadhalika Jinsi mavuno yametengenezwa kwa factory. Historia ya wakulima walioleta mavuno katika soko Mahali popote ambapo chakula kilihifadhiwa kabla ya kununuliwa na mteja wa mwisho. Jinsi usafi na usalama wa mavuno umeangaliwa na kutahiniwa. Mashine zilizotumiwa katika uchukuzi na utengenezaji wa bidhaa za chakula kutoka kwa mavuno Wateja wa mwisho (watumiaji) walionunua bidhaa za chakula zilizotokana na mavuno

The two Xstics of TBty

It is intentional: recorded identifications are the result of a system organised to ensure the consistent collection and recording of identifications. It has several uses: to track history, locate entities and find operations. These uses combine and define the organisation of the identification system.

Maelezo Zaidi ya Ufuatiliaji

Unafanywa kwa hiari: Lazima wenye kutekeleza ufuatiliaji kuelewa ya kwamba rekodi za vile mavuno yametunzwa na kutendewa ikiwa njiani kwenda soko ni muhimu. Una matumizi kadha: waweza fuata bidhaa iko wapi wakati inatakikana, na kujua ni jinsi gani mavuno yametunzwa (Historia).

The traceability process is based on:

Identification of the companies involved (supply chain partners) Product identification Identification of logistics units (pallets, containers, etc.) Information flows and data exchange.

In order to achieve this, each link is responsible for ensuring that data is correct and for guaranteeing that they are accessible to other operators in the chain. Consumer safety is not an issue for confrontation. It's a matter of cooperation between all involved. This collaborative approach implies:
Dialogue between supply chain partners (information exchange) Use of a common language (e.g., international codes). The

adoption of common standards leads to improved inter-company communications.

Tukifanya Ufuatiliaji wa Mavuno...

Tunaweka historia ya bidhaa kwa makampuni yanayohusika Tunatengeneza njia ya kutambua bidhaa za chakula. Tunatambua jinsi ya uchukuzi (Crates, Pallets, containers, etc.) Tunaangazia mawasiliano baina ya makampuni yanayohusika

Ukweli wa rekodi zote zinazotumika ni muhimu katika kuhakikisha kwamba historia ya bidhaa za chakula itakuwa kamili. Usalama wa mtumizi wa bidhaa ndio haswa muhimu katika ufuatiliaji wa bidhaa za chakula. Hi inahusu:
Uwasiliano wa makampuni na wakulima.. Uwezo wa kutumia njia moja ya kutambua na kufuatilia mwanzo

na historia ya chakula

Tracking a product

Tracking: Traceability of a product's logistics: The ability to locate a product in space and time. Tracking meets operational goals: physical tracking of a product through to its final destination or the end of its life cycle (for example, MT 12x250 Lot number 001). It can be used in the event of product withdrawal or recall if there is a threat to health. Tracking answers the questions: "Where?" and "When?"

Tracking - Utafutaji

Tracking: Huu ni ufuatiliaji wa jinsi za uchukuzi wa bidhaa za chakula: Utafutaji watuwezesha kujua bidhaa ziko wapi, au zilikuwa wapi kwa wakati mgani, ili hali kwamba twaweza zifikia na kuziondoa kwa soko wakati kuna shida.

Tracing

Traceability of a product's contents: the ability to provide all information about the life of a

product
Origin of seeds or seedlings, Growing operations, The inputs used in production, Phytosanitary treatments, Processing operations, etc.); Tracing to know the uses or composition of a food (the substances used to make it). Tracing is qualitative. It is used to find the cause of a quality problem, to verify the conformity of the stated characteristics of a product (organic agriculture, fair trade, etc.) or the product's itinerary. It works backward from the point-of-sale to the producer (and, potentially, to the plot on which the fruits, vegetables or potatoes were grown). Tracing answers the questions: "What?", "With what?", "How?", "By whom?", and "Why?

Tracing Historia ya chakula

Historia yatupa uwezo wa kujua habari zote za maisha ya bidhaa:

Mbegu Zilitoka wapi?, Ukuzaji ulifanywa namna gani Madawa gani yalitumika? Rotuba gani ilitumika?, Bidhaa ilitengenezwaje viwandani?, etc.);

Historia yatusaidia kuelewa uzuri na

usalama wa bidhaa, pamoja na uwezo wa bidhaa kutekeleza mahitajio yanayotakiwa na mtumizi (k.v. Organics, Certified)

Direction of Traceability

Traceability ("trace" or "track") can be used bidirectionally: Descending traceability (downstream):

Makes it possible to find the destination of a lot or product unit at

every step of the product life cycle The associated data must make it possible to follow the chain from upstream (raw material) to the finished product

Ascending traceability (upstream):

Makes it possible to find the production and packaging history

and the origin of a lot at every step of the product life cycle starting with the lot or product unit. The associated data must make it possible to follow the chain upstream from product to raw materials. Ascending traceability helps make an observed result understandable (e.g.: exceeded MRL in a batch of fruit) to find its causes.

Mielekeo ya Ufuatiliaji

Ufuatiliaji (Utafutaji ama historia) una mielekeo miwili: Ufuatiliaji wa kuteremka (downstream):
Ufuatiliaji wa kuteremka unafuatana sambamba na

mteremko wa bidhaa kutoka kwa ukuzaji mpaka utumiaji. Unawezesha kupata habari kuhusu bidhaa yoyote, na rekodi za historia ya bidhaa hio kutoka ukulima mpaka utumiaji.

Ufuatiliaji wa kupanda (upstream):

Hufanya inawezekana kupata historia ya uzalishaji, ufungaji

na asili ya bidhaa katika kila hatua ya mzunguko wa maishaye . Makes it possible to find the production and packaging history and the origin of a lot at every step of the product life cycle starting with the lot or product unit. Ufuatiliaji wa kupanda unawezesha watu kuelewa ni nini kenafanya bidhaa zisifuate taratibu inayotakikana.

Q&A

Exercise: Identify how the company identifies its product lots or batches
Is it possible for the company to maintain the

uniqueness of each batch? Consider the products growing fields, agronomic practices, transport, delivery and intake, cold storage, issuance, packing, boxing, and transport to the airport. Identify at least ten areas where the unique identity of the product may be compromised (15 min)

Maswali kwa wakulima

Exercise: Kampuni inatambua mavuno kwa njia gani?

Inawezekana kutambua mavuno kutoka kwa

kila mkulima na kwa kila ploti ya kulima? Angazia pahali kama tano ambapo utambuo wa chakula waweza tatizika kutoka kwa shamba mpaka kwa shed (15 min).

Purposes of Traceability

Traceability has two complementary purposes: Safety:

To ensure product conformity with rules and requirements. The purpose is to prevent excesses and anomalies, to

understand them, to deter any irrational use of inputs, To deter theft, hijackings and counterfeiting, to monitor behavior and practices, to ensure compliance with the cold chain, etc.

Implementation:
to monitor operations or chains and the successful

completion of industrial, logistics and administrative sequences.

Umuhimu wa Ufuatiliaji wa Chakula

Ufuatiliaji una aina mbili za umuhimu: Usalama:

Bidhaa zinawezeshwa kutimiza mahitaji yake. Kuzuia utumiaji wa mbinu za ukuzaji ambazo

hazikubaliki na zinadhuru afya ya mtumizi wa chakula. Kuzuia wizi na utengenezaji wa vyakula bandia.

Utekelezaji:
Kuweza kuchunguza na kuangalia utekelezaji wa

ukuzaji, utengenezaji wa bidhaa, uchukuzi na uandikaji wa rekodi za kuaminiwa katika ufanyaji wa biashara ya chakula.

Applied Traceability

The main purposes and benefits of traceability

A traceability system must meet many objectives:

Regulatory compliance

Greater efficiency of processes

Communication with suppliers and customers Commercial benefits Financial benefits (e.g.: reduction of inputs

used and theft).

Madhumuni na faida za ufuatiliaji

Ufuatiliaji ni muhimu kwa vile watuwezesha:

Kufuata sheria kwa utengenezaji wa chakula

Fanya kazi kwa ufanisi zaidi wa taratibu.

Kuwasiliana vizuri na wateja na wauzaji Kunufaika zaidi ki-uchumi Kinga biashara kutokana na mambo kama wizi

wa mazao n.k.

Players in traceability

Traceability must enable those involved at every level of the process and the chain:
To follow the flow of production: Raw materials (animal feed, raw

materials, inputs used), foodstuffs, their ingredients and packaging. From the agri-foods standpoint, a traceability system is a system that ensures that suppliers and the batches of raw materials used to manufacture each lot of finished product are known. To identify the documentation required to be able to track every operation and follow every production, transport, packaging, processing, storage and shipping step To ensure adequate coordination between the various players involved (small producers, "merchants", transporters, exporters, legal authorities etc.) To ensure that everyone involved knows, at a minimum, their direct suppliers and customers and more if possible.

Washika dao katika ufuatiliaji

Ufuatiliaji unahusu wote wanaohusika katika ukuzaji, utengenezaji, uchukuzi na uhifadhi wa chakula kabla ya kutumiwa:
Jinsi ambayo tekelezi zinafuatana toka ukuzaji hadi

uchukuzi. Rekodi za ukweli zenye zimewekwa na wakulima, makampuni ya utengenezaji na uchukuzi mpaka uuzaji kwa watumizi. Uwasiliano wa wauzaji wa bidhaa za shamba, wakulima, makampuni ya utengenezaji, uchukuzi, uhifadhi na uuzaji. Kuwezesha kila mmoja kujua wale wanaomuuzia bidhaa, kazi anayofanyia bidhaa hizo na wale anaouzia bidhaa zake.

Suppliers
Seed, Fertilizers and PPP Agronomy Suppliers

Customers
Planters, PPP applicators Agronomy Hav. Sup / On Farm transporters Harvesting Company transport

Harvesters
Harvesting

Shed

Harvesting supervisor

Shed

Wauzaji
Ukuzaji

Wateja
Wapandaji Waweka mbolea Ukuzaji Wapiga madawa

Wauza Mbegu Wauza Mbolea Wauza madawa

Wavunaji
Uvunaji

Uvunaji
Wachukuzi wa Mashamba

Wachukuzi wa shamba

Upangaji (Sorting)

Upangaji

Wachukuzi wa kampuni

Traceability as a tool for safety

Traceability must also make it possible:

To follow the chain backwards to be able to react as quickly

and as far upstream as possible, to withdraw products, to recall products and/or take any defensive measures needed. The impact of an event will decrease as the effectiveness of traceability and the vision companies have on product lots increases To guarantee product authenticity and the characteristics that result from the production method described on the label (e.g.: "organic" products, fair trade products, products sold under a special "label", products from controlled and guaranteed sources). The implementation of food traceability makes it possible to add value to niche products (regional products, products guaranteed free of GMOs, products without allergens, etc.). As a result, there is also a commercial motivation for manufacturers.

Ufuatiliaji kumarisha usalama wa chakula!

Ufuatiliaji watuwezesha:
Kufuata mlolongo wa bidhaa nyuma iwezekanavyo ili

kuwa na uwezo wa kukabiliana haraka changamoto za usalama, ili kuondoa bidhaa, kukumbuka bidhaa na / au kuchukua hatua yoyote ya kujihami inayohitajika . Athari za matukio mabaya zitapungua ufanisi wa ufuatiliaji na maono ya makampuni juu ya bidhaa zikiongezeka Utekelezaji wa ufuatiliaji wa chakula unafanya uwezekano wa kuongeza thamani ya bidhaa zilizowekewa umaarufu fulani k.v. Organics, Certified na Fair Trade.

Information and Transparency

The public authorities have an information and transparency obligation to consumers. Although food has never been as safe as it is now, and although risks really are lower than in the past, incidents are possible despite the many measures taken. Management procedures must be implemented for non-compliant products, notably procedures for recalls, withdrawals and notification of the authorities. If required, it should be possible for the public authorities to activate an alert system in the event this isn't done by the company or organization involved and legally responsible for bringing the products to market.

Habari na uwazi kuhusu chakula

Serikali zina jukumu ya kuwapa watumiaji wa chakula habari wazi kuhusu usalama wa chakula. Tunaendelea kuwa na pingamizi tofauti katika juhudi za kuuza chakula salama kwa wanunuzi wetu. Inapokuwa eti chakula zinazoweza kudhuru zimefika kwa soko, lazima tuwe na taratibu murwa za kuziondoa kwa soko (Recall and Withdrawal). Serikali inafaa kuwa na taratibu za kujulisha wanunuzi kwamba hizo bidhaa si salama kama kampuni iliyouza haijaweza kufanya hivyo.

The European Union RASFF

RASFF or Rapid Alert System for Feed and Food is managed by the European Commission. It links all of the competent authorities monitoring foodstuffs in the European Union. RASFF has been in place since 1979 and its legal basis is found in Regulation (CE) 178/2002. It provides a quick way to inform the EU monitoring authorities of the existence on the market of foodstuffs that are:
Non-compliant with food legislation Unhealthy Dangerous to public health

Users can search for alert data in a database. These data, called "notifications", are also viewable by other countries and their operators located outside of the European Union, whether they are shipping or receiving goods. The number of "notifications" exchanged by the system has increased consistently over time, reaching about 3000 in 2008. For more information, go to: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert.

Tume Ya Muungano Wa Ulaya (RASFF)

Muungano wa Nchi za Ulaya (European Union) wametengeneza Tume ambayo yaunganisha tume za nchi zote husika kuweza kukabiliana na changamoto za usalama wa chakula ulaya yote, na ambayo wameipa mamlaka kufuatia sheria ya EU Regulation 178/2002. Hii inamaanisha kwamba swala la usalama likipatikana France, litajulikana kote, ata Germany, UK n.k. Kukiwa na ufuatiliaji imara, ni rahisi kujua ni bidhaa gani zitaondolewa kwa soko kwa haraka ili kuepuka madhara kwa watumiaji wa chakula

Traceability Complements RASFF

With Proper traceability, when an "alert" is given, products at risk can be searched for in order to withdraw them from points-of-sale and to inform consumers so that they can return defective products if they have purchased any. In the event of a product alert on an exported product, the health authorities of the importing country must be informed to enable them to take action. Agricultural attachs and veterinarians working at embassies are responsible for liaising with local health officials in other countries.

Traceability and Due Diligence

Traceability is a daily event. End-consumers and professional customers appreciate having traceability information on item location (track) and characteristics (trace). Increased product tracking functionality and heightened safety expectations have increased the level of requirements. Guaranteeing the traceability of a product is no longer enough to make a difference: access to information must be facilitated, more detailed and precise data provided and new functionality offered.

Ufuatiliaji na Habari za bidhaa

Ufuatiliaji wa bidhaa za chakula wafanyika kila siku

Tunaandika rekodi za ukuzaji kila siku Utengenezaji wa bidhaa unafanyika kila siku. Uchukuzi wa bidhaa unafanywa kila siku Uhifadhi wa chakula kwa maduka unafanyika wakati wote Uuzaji wafanyika wakati wote.

Uwezo wa kutekeleza ufuatiliaji wa hali ya juu umefanya mahitaji wa wanunuzi kuwa mengi.. Uwezo wa kuhakikishia ufuatiliaji wa bidhaa ni lazima uimarishwe na uwezo wa kupatia habari (rekodi) kuhusu bidhaa kwa wale wanaoihitaji.

Q&A

Identify at least three main players in your companys food distribution chain and the roles they play in ensuring that materials and products maintain their uniqueness in the traceability chain, and the kind of records they must keep to ensure that product information can be availed as and when required to Trace a product or track its location in the chain. (15min)

Approaches to traceability

There are four main approaches to traceability, namely;

The Customer Approach
The Food Safety Approach The Regulatory Approach

The Company Management Approach

The Customer Approach

The first purpose of traceability is to prove (thanks to product and process histories) that there is a match with customer requirements which, generally, relate to:
The making of the product: where, when, how and with what the

product was made Compliance with specifications: management, monitoring, audit Crisis management: finding and withdrawing defective or dangerous products from sale Communication: reassuring concerned consumers following food and health scares

In addition to establishing trust with consumers, traceability enables development of the product's production and distribution chain. It provides added value to the product. Lastly, traceability has become a key element of logistics chain management, from production through distribution, and for tracking product quality.

The Food Safety Approach

A traceability system must make it possible to reliably find products and product history. In fact, in the event of a problem, it's necessary to have an organized recording system in place to:
Find products (lot or product unit) along the entire product life

cycle to be able to withdraw and/or recall them if need be Have the most complete manufacturing history possible for the product Facilitate transparency between every link in a chain Communicate relevant information on the making of products and on their specific characteristics to the authorities, customers and commercial partners Find and store information about a given product/process and determine the respective responsibilities in the event of a problem. Assist in the verification of the effectiveness of corrective actions carried out on processes after investigations.

The Regulatory Approach

Operator traceability requirements Article 18 of Regulation (CE)178/2002 places the responsibility for traceability on food business operators, and their responsibility to identify their suppliers and have systems in place to avail trace and track information for all the products they deal in. These are defined for the most part in Regulation (CE)178/2002. It defines traceability as "the ability to retrace, through all production, processing and distribution steps, the progression of a foodstuff or of a substance intended to be incorporated or that could be incorporated in a food product." Compliance with regulations means that operators must be able to identify their direct suppliers and customers. The Kenyan Fresh Produce Exporters Act (CH 319 Laws of Kenya) Section 12 clauses 1 and 2 of 2007 lays down similar requirements to all fresh produce exporters from Kenya.

Company Management Approach

By keeping and using a history of products, of main processes used, of suppliers, of raw materials used, of incidents, of customer complaints, etc., companies can: Get a better understanding of products and a better handle on processes Improve practices and the overall operation of their organisation and of production processes (e.g. fewer inputs) Immediately correct the manufacturing process when non-compliant products are found and the identified cause is tied to the process Identify complementary training requirements Improve work station safety Track the effectiveness of corrective actions implemented Reduce the costs related to incidents, losses, theft and wastage (costs tied to alerts, withdrawals or recalls, repairs or damages, loans, penalties payable to partners, lawsuits, etc.) Improve management of business relations, of importers with exporters and of the latter with producers Reduce lot production costs (materials used, salary costs, etc.).

Q&A

Briefly discuss the merits of traceability with regard to company management benefits. How best can we use traceability to tackle food safety related problems? (10 min)

My Role in Our Companys System

Inputs for Agronomy Growing Delivery and holding at shed Transport from shed to factory Receiving Cold storage Issuance Online production Endline Operations Product Holding Dispatch Transport to the Airport Offloading at the Airport

Wajibu wa mkulima katika ufuatiliaji wa Jade Fresh

Uandikishaji wa shamba Ununuzi wa Pembejeo (k.v. mbegu, madawa, mbolea n.k.) Ukuzaji wa mavuno
Upandaji Ufugaji wa mazao (kupalilia, kuweka mbolea) Ulinzi wa mazao (upigaji madawa n.k.)

Uvunaji Uchukuzi mpaka kwa shed Rekodi ya mavuno

Uandikishaji wa Shamba kwa kikundi

Kila mkulima anafaa kufuata kanuni za kikundi au kampuni kila anapojiunga na kikundi kulimia kampuni. Lazima shamba zote ziandikishwe kwa kampuni, na kila shamba liwe na ramani inayoonyesha ploti zitakazotumika kulima. Hizo ploti lazima ziwe na kitambulisho kinashoonyesha:
Jina la ploti Ukubwa wa ploti Aina ya Mmea Siku Ya kupanda Aina ya mbegu Tarehe iliyotarajiwa kuvunwa

Taratibu zote za ufugaji, uvunaji na uuzaji wa mavuno utaandikwa kulingana na ploti.

Ununuzi wa Pembejeo

Ununuzi wa Mbegu, Madawa na mbolea

Mkulima anafaa kufuata maagizo ya viongozi wa

kampuni katika ununuzi wa pembejeo. Pembejeo bandia k.v. madawa zinafanya mazao yawe hatari kwa usalama Ni muhimu kuripoti kila wakati mkulima akitazamia kwamba ununuzi wa pembejeo zisizokubaliwa au bandia umefanyika ndio apate mwelekeo kutoka viongozi wa ukulima kutoka Jade Fresh.

Ukuzaji wa Mazao

Upandaji:
Utafanywa kulingana na upana wa ploti.

Rekodi za utabibu wa mbegu na kupanda

zitaandikwa kwa kila ploti

Ufugaji (Husbandry)
Rekodi zote za ufugaji zitawekwa kulingana na

ploti, kuonyesha kana kwamba taratibu zimefuatwa.

Ulinzi wa Mazao
Taratibu za ulinzi kutumia madawa n.k.

utarekodiwa kulingana na ploti

Uvunaji

Utofautiano wa ploti kwa kuvuna:

Wafanyi kazi watavuna kila ploti tofauti na

zingine. Crate za kuweka mavuno kwa kila ploti zitawekwa mahala tofauti na zingine kuzuia kuchanganya mavuno. Mavuno yatapangwa kwa crates kutoka kwa ndoo za kuvunia. Crate zitawekwa kitambulisho (tag) zenye zitafuata taratibu iliyowekwa na kampuni.

Uchukuzi wa Mavuno Kwenda kwa Shed

Wachukuzi wataelewa kanuni ya utafutiano wa ploti. Msimamizi wa uvunaji atahakikisha kutengwa kwa kundi za mavuno toka kwa ploti zikichukuliwa kupelekwa kwa shed. Msimamizi atazidikisha mavuno hadi kwa shed ilhali kuhakikisha kwamba ufuatiliaji umedumishwa wakati mavuno yakibebwa kupelekwa kwa shed.

Rekodi Ya Mavuno

Atashuhudia kipimo cha mavuno kwa kila ploti amevuna na kupewa rekodi ya mavuno (Produce Received Note). Msimamizi wa mavuno (Mkulima) atahakikisha kwamba rekodi ya mavuno imeandikwa na kuwekwa kwa faili. Mavuno yakikataliwa kwa ukosefu wa usafi au usalama yatarudishwa kwa shamba na kutupwa kulingana na taratibu za kampuni.

Produce Traceability at shed

The Shed Supervisor shall be responsible for receiving produce at the shed. All produce arriving from the field shall be in properly tagged crates to facilitate proper labelling. No Untagged crates shall be received. No Shed shall receive both Certified and Uncertified produce at the same time. Crate labeling shall be verified and strengthened Produce weights shall be taken and indicated on harvesting records, on PRNs and on the FDN

Documentation at Shed

After assessing the quality and accepting lots, the shed supervisor shall take weights for each lots and indicate on the Produce Received Notes and on the Harvesting Records for each farmer. a

Transport from Field

Graders and Drivers are typically responsible for field transport of produce. They are responsible for ensuring that proper identification of products is done through physical identification (Tagging) and documentation (Delivery notes) Proper arrangement in the vehicles should ensure that produce does not migrate from containers to mix with other batches Proper driving and observation of highway codes ensure that produce does not spill over or that there are no accidents or undue delays that might compromise the quality and safety of produce.

Receiving

The main processes at receiving are; Batch Separation and coding

Porters, under the supervision of field graders and

quality controllers separate the batches Quality controllers record the batches and code them

Weighing
Weights delivered are compared with delivery notes

(FSR 032)

Safety and quality assessments

Quality Controllers assess suitability of materials (FSR

040)

Cold Storage

During cold storage, important steps include: Storing produce to reduce field heat as fast as possible Using proper stock rotation and recording Proper segregation to avoid cross contamination Proper hygiene during storage Proper Safety and Quality monitoring

Issuance

During issuance, Raw material staff ensure that materials appropriate for the orders are released. The lots are issued as individual and unique entities. Materials issued to the packing facility are recorded. Materials returned to the facility are recorded (FSR 034 Daily Stocks Movement Sheet)

Online Production

Packers use training to pick what conforms to customer requirements and packs it for export. Quality controllers guide them and note the problems with each batch to ensure customer requirements are met Records of hygiene and the nature of each product in terms of safety and quality (FSR 046). Rejects and wastes are collected and disposed off appropriately (FSR 034)

Endline Operations

Here, products are weighed and sealed ready for boxing. Staff use training to operate machines for these operations and maintain the traceability of each lot or batch. Counts of each product packed are recorded (FSR 033). Final online product check is done to check seal integrity and other factors and recorded (FSR 046).

Product Holding

Products are taken to the holding coldroom and labelled. The lot information is transferred. Stocks management is done to release products as required for export. Stock analysis is done to ensure old packs that are deteriorating are removed from stocks and suspect product (e.g. offloads are reworked or disposed off).

Dispatch

The final produce check is done to ensure that products are safe and of good quality. The exported quantities for each lot are recorded (FSR 048 and 033). The Traceability cycle is completed by comparing total packs with commercial proformas.

Transport to the Airport

Proper arrangement of lots and product packsizes is done in trucks to facilitate proper offloading and skidding at the airport. Product identification is maintained during transport. Proper transport practices are carried out to minimize accidents and undue delays to the airport.

Offloading at the Airport

Offloading is done in a manner that does not compromise the integrity of the packs or the produce that they hold. Product tallies are done to ensure packs dispatched have actually been handed over to the clearing agents.