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Transport aktif dan pasif yang melewati membran sel

Transport pasif Tidak membutuhkan energi Adanya perpindahan karena perbedaan konsentrasi Partikel bergerak dari [HI] [LOW] Contoh : diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Transport aktif Memerlukan energi sel Dapat pindah dari konsentrasi rendah ke konsentrasi tinggi Melibatkan protein transport yang bekerja sebagai pompa contoh: Exocytosis, endocytosis, pinocytosis, phagocytosis

Diffusion
Diffusion- perpindahan partikel dari area yang mempunyai konsentrasi tinggi ke area yang memiliki konsentrasi rendah [HI] [LOW]

Diffusion

The net flow of solute continues until equilibrium is reached. Solute continue to move across the membrane, but for every one that moves in one direction, another moves in the opposite direction, so there is no net movement.
[HI] [MED] [LOW] [MED]

Diffusion
tidak semua partikel dapat melewati membran sel

Diffusion not all substances can pass thru a cell membrane.

Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion made easy Tidak memerlukan energi, perpindahan berdasarkan gradien konsentrasi Embedded proteins (channels) provide a convenient pathway for LARGE and/or charged substances to pass thru cell membrane. Also called passive diffusion Another type of embedded protein, a carrier/transport protein, grabs hold and carries the substance thru a cell membrane. Still, no energy required Ions, sugars, etc now can enter and leave cells

Facilitated Diffusion

Protein Channel

NO ENERGY REQUIRED IT IS A PASSIVE PROCESS

OSMOSIS
Diffusion of water Passive process, does not require energy The membrane is permeable to water, the solvent. The membrane is not permeable (impermeable) to the solute.

Water Balance in Animal Cells


If the cell is in a hypertonic environment The environment has higher [solute] than the cell The cell loses water (osmosis) and shrivels and may die Osmosis kills

Active Transport

Cells use energy (ATP) to move large molecules or ions thru a cell membrane Usually, these substances are moved uphill or against the concentration gradient. In other words, the substances are moved in the opposite direction of diffusion (passive transport) Examples: pumps, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis.

Active Transport: Pumps

Active Transport: Exocytosis


For really LARGE molecules, vesicles form and fuse to the plasma membrane & spills its contents out

Active Transport: Endocytosis

1. Vesicles bud inward

2. Opposite ends of the cell membrane meet & connect


3. Vesicle pinches off & brings LARGE substances into cell

Active Transport: Endocytosis

An Amoeba feeding via the process of endocytosis.

Active Transport: Pinocytosis Cells actively engulf large quantities of fluid (water)

Vesicles/vacuoles

Active Transport: Phagocytosis

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