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Prepared By :Sanket Chaudhari (12BME151) Shailesh Kshatriya (12BME152) Anand Mistry Jigar Patel (12BME153) (12BME154)
THEORIES OF FAILURES
Maximum principal stress theory Maximum principal strain theory Maximum strain energy theory Distortion energy theory Maximum shear stress theory
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
Properties of Material
Type of Loading Size and Shape End Condition Temperature
PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL :-
M/c element either Ductile or Brittle, Brittle material fails by Fracture while
Ductile material fails by yielding and shows deformation. TYPE OF LOADING :M/c element fails at less load under repeated loading, while m/c element takes more load under direct loading. SIZE & SHAPE :END CONDITION :-
2.
3. 4.
Fixed end condition takes more load then simply supported condition.
TEMPERATURE :If temperature is more stress induced are more, therefore it immediately fails.
5.
It is also known as Rankin's Theory. It is mostly used for designing of Brittle Material. The yield Locus is a SQUARE (in 2D) on
1 2 as shown in Fig.1
as shown in Fig.2 with sides 2 0 with the origin at central of the cube.
Failure occurs when 1 2 /2= 0 /2 Yield locus is commonly called TRESCA HEXAGON
Yield surface is a hexagonal prism with open ends with each sides of hexagon equal to (2/3) 0.
According to this theory failure in a complex stress system occurs when a maximum strain in it reaches the value of the strain in uniaxial stress at elastic
Yields locus is as shown in Fig. The section of the yield surface normal to the axis are equilateral triangle.
According to this theory complex stress system fails when the maximum strain energy per unit volume at a point reaches the value of strain energy per unit volume at elastic limit in simple tension. 2 0
If 1 and 2 are principal stresses then total strain energy, U = 1/2E [12 + 22- 2 1 2]
0
0
The yield surface is an open right circular cylinder equally inclined to the 1, 2, 3 axis.
The cross section of the cylinder are circles of the radius equal to (2/3) 0.
Introduction
When diameter to thickness ratio is < 10 then it is called thick cylinder.
Assumptions Material is homogeneous and isotropic. Limit of proportionality is not exceeded. The longitudinal strain is uniform across the cross section of the cylinder.
Introduction
It is loaded by internal pressure Pi and external pressure Po as seen below. It has inner radius Ri and outer radius Ro.
Lames equation for thick cylinder :1. 2. Radial Pressure =Px=[b/x2] - a Hoop Stress=fx=[b/x2] + a
Introduction
Hoop Stress distribution diagram : 1. 2. Hoop stress is maximum at x=Ri Hoop stress is minimum at outer radius i.e. At x=Ro
Radial pressure distribution
Design Equations
Design of thick cylinder can be done on the basis of any of following theories of failure : 1. Maximum Principal Stress Theory :r[(K2+1)/K2-1] where = Stress at elastic limit K = Ro/Ri 2. Maximum Principal Strain Theory :r[(K2+1/K2-1) + (1/m * K2-2/K2-1)] 3. Maximum Shear Stress Theory :r[(2K2)/K2-1]
Design Equations
4. Maximum Strain Energy Theory :r[2(1+1/m)K4 + 3(1-1/m)]1/2 / K2-1 5. Maximum Shear Strain Energy Theory:r[(3K4)1/2/K2-1]