TOWER CRANE

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

SUBMITTED BY YOGITA NAUTIYAL 5TH YR.

INTRODUCTION
A crane is a tower equipped with cables and pulleys that is used to lift and lower materials. Cranes are commonly used in the construction industry and in manufacturing heavy equipment. Construction cranes are usually temporary structures, either fixed to the ground or mounted on a purpose-built vehicle. Cranes may either be controlled from an operator in a cab that travels with the crane, by a pushbutton pendant control station, or by infrared or radio control. Where a cab operator is employed, workers on the ground will communicate with the operator through a system of standardised hand-signals or, in larger installations, radio systems; an experienced crew can position loads with great precision using only these signals. The largest revolving cranes in the world can be found on crane .

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CRANE

Ancient cranes Medieval cranes Railroad cranes Mobile crane Telescopic crane Tower crane Truck-mounted crane Rough terrain crane Crawler crane Loader crane Gantry crane Overhead crane Stacker crane Floating crane Aerial crane

TOWER CRANE
The tower crane is a modern form of balance crane. Fixed to the ground, tower cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in the construction of tall buildings. To save space and to provide stability the vertical part of the crane is often braced onto the completed structure which is normally the concrete lift shaft in the centre of the building. A horizontal boom is balanced asymmetrically across the top of the tower. Its short arm carries a counterweight of concrete blocks, and its long arm carries the lifting gear.

TOWER CRANE
The crane operator sits in a cabin at the top of the tower. The operator's cabin is located at the top of the tower just below the horizontal boom. The boom is mounted on a slewing bearing and is rotated by means of a slewing motor. The lifting hook is operated by a system of pulleys. A tower crane is usually assembled by a telescopic crane of smaller lifting capacity but greater height, and in the case of tower cranes that have risen while constructing very tall skyscrapers, a smaller crane will sometimes be lifted to the roof of the completed tower to dismantle the tower crane afterward. A self-assembling tower crane has been demonstrated, which lifts itself off the ground using jacks, allowing the next section of the tower to be inserted at ground level.

TOWER CRANE
There are two major considerations that are taken into account in the design of cranes. The first is that the crane must be able to lift a load of a specified weight and the second is that the crane must remain stable and not topple over when the load is lifted and moved to another location. The lifting capacity and the stability of crane are also equally important.

Cranes helping to construct a tower block in Melbourne, Australia