Prevention from Contamination of Ground Water

15 feet 30 feet

Hand-pump

Sulabh two-pit, pour flush, compost toilet

Well

The Sulabh two-pit toilet is free from all health hazards and does not pollute ground water or drinking water sources like hand pumps, wells etc. if proper precautions are taken during construction. A Sulabh toilet can be constructed at a distance of 30 feet from a well or a ! feet from a hand-pump and no distance is re"uired if there is pro#ision of piped water suppl$. %f there is a space constraint, then the well nearb$ should be plastered from inside up to 30 feet, so that there is less chance of pollution.
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Sulabh Strategy
Invention of technolog alone cannot improve the living condition of the people but this has to be provided at the doorsteps of the customers and for that matter I adopted two strategies! "i# $otivation, %ducation, &ommunication and 'raining "ii# 'he deliver s stem, Implementation, maintenance and follow-ups(

Methodology and Delivery System adopted by Sulabh for Construction of Toilets:

&ontacting the house-owners to con#ince and persuade them to agree to the con#ersion of dr$ latrines into Sulabh Shauchala$as 'toilets(. )rocessing of forms b$ *rban +ocal ,odies. Sulabh workers complete the construction of toilets based on the choice of the houseowner selected from a wide range of design options. &ertificate of completion is gi#en b$ the beneficiaries.
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 'hereafter, )uarantee &ard is issued with Sulabh accepting the responsibilit of rectif ing defects free-of-cost for a period of one ear( *s a proof of construction, photograph is also ta+en of the toilets and beneficiaries( 'his methodolog helped in generating mutual trust and confidence between beneficiaries, Sulabh and ,rban -ocal .odies( /or effective deliver s stem of services, vision, dedication, ethics, moralit and follow-up is essential( 'hus, more than 1(0 million household toilets have been constructed1converted b Sulabh(
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Public Toilet Complexes

In 1973, I introduced the s stem of maintenance of public toilets on 3pay and use4 basis( Initiall there were s+eptical views about the functioning of the technologies and its success( .ut on the ver first da 500 people used the public toilet in 5atna, .ihar( However It too+ several ears to convince the )overnment and the people( %arlier people were not habituated to pa ing for the use of public toilets( In Sulabh public toilet comple6es with attached biogas digesters, the gases are put to different uses li+e coo+ing, warming oneself, lighting mantle lamps or power generation( $ore than 7500 communit based pa and use toilet are maintained b Sulabh presentl (

/acilities for loc+ers for +eeping belongings, safe drin+ing

water, telephone facilities, night shelter, health centre, etc( are provided in Sulabh toilet comple6es(

Cloa room facility at Sulabh Toilet Complex! Shirdi! "asi ! Maharashtra

#nside $ie% & 'Dormitory( Sulabh Toilet Complex at Deoghar! 8 )har hand*

+ecycling and +euse of ,uman Waste

-e#eloped technolog$ for rec$cling of human e.creta through biogas generation and on-site treatment of effluents for safe reuse without health or en#ironmental risk.
Sulabh -ffluent Treatment .S-T/ System

Public Toilet linked to Biogas Digester and Sulabh Effluent Treatment (SET) device

:'he water discharged is treated b passing it through sedimentation chamber, sand filter, aeration tan+, charcoal 9 and through ultra violet ra s(

Sulabh -ffluent Treatment .S-T/ System

'he effluent discharged from public toilet, after treatment, becomes so pure that its .iochemical ;6 gen <emand is less than one milligram per litre( 'his water is safe for discharge into rivers or water bodies, without polluting them( Hence, this also prevents pollution from the sewage( It can also be used for cleaning of floors of public toilets( .oth these technologies are suitable for mar+et places, housing colonies, high-rise buildings, public places, schools, colleges, hospitals etc(

,uman excreta based 0iogas Technology

/rom public toilets human e6creta goes inside the digester and biogas is produced without an chemical, bacteria or change agents( ;nl 10-00 +gs( of cow dung is re=uired to be put inside the digester on the first da of use( 'he biogas produced is then channeli>ed for lighting mantle lamps, warming oneself in winters, coo+ing and also for conversion into energ for street lighting(

1se of 0iogas

0iogas used for coo ing

0iogas used to %arm oneself in %inter

0iogas used for lighting of mantle lamps

Human Excreta Based Biogas Digester Linked11 To A Public Toilet Complex

0iogas used for electricity generation

Initiall , in the dual fuel genset 80% biogas and 20% diesel were re=uired to run the engine, but now under the new s stem ignition of compressed biogas is done through batter operated spar+ s stem(

Prevention of 2tmospheric Pollution and Global Warming

1 person produces 1 cubic foot biogas per da ,ence 3 billion people produce 3 billion cubic feet biogas per day( #n biogas! the methane content is 345 So from 8 billion people, 6*7 billion cubic feet methane is produced per da Hence emission of methane into the atmosphere is 89*3: billion cubic metres per year*

Prevention of 2tmospheric Pollution and Global Warming

In a septic tan+ s stem gas pipe is re=uired to permit outflow of gases produced into the atmosphere( .ut in Sulabh two-pit, pour-flush, compost toilets, vent pipes are not needed and gases are absorbed in the leach-pits into the soil( In Sulabh public toilet comple6es with attached biogas digesters, the gases are burnt when put to different uses li+e coo+ing, warming oneself, lighting mantle lamps, etc( 'hus, Sulabh technologies prevent emission of methane into the atmosphere and reduce global warming and improve climate change(

Duc %eed 0ased Waste Water Treatment

'his waste water treatment is suitable for population less than one lac( * fast growing free floating plant( ?educes .;<,&;< of waste water( &ontains up to 30 @ protein(

&omplete feed for fish( In duc+weed treated water fish is grown( 9-10 tons of fish per ha( of pond1annum can be harvested

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6* S;<#D W2ST- M2"2G-M-"T

Water ,yacinth

Water H acinth is an a=uatic, seasonal weed and the advantage of this weed is that A It is a good substrate for biogas generation( .iogas is non functional in summer due to non availabilit of water h acinth( 'he biogas can be produced throughout the ear b harvesting, dr ing and pulverising this weed( 'he biogas generation shows better result when fed with dried water h acinth and increase the gas production(

Sulabh Thermophilic 2erobic Composting .ST2C/ Technology for Solid Waste Management
:* plant of )I sheet having double wall filled with glass wool, partitioned with perforated sheet into three chambers( :?e=uires 9 A 10 da s to ma+e compost from an biodegradable waste( :Bo manual handling( It functions at low temperature also $ore suitable for housing colonies, hostels, hill areas(

S'*&A $a+lorganC "<harmshala, Himachal 5radesh# 5roCect 17

The benefits of this technology :

contdE

;rganic solid waste can be efficientl converted into

manure and soil conditioner, giving economic return( It can control diseases transmitted from wasteD as at high temperature pathogens are eliminated from it( <ue to a reduction in volume, cartage costs of waste to disposal sites or for land filling will be greatl reduced( Spread of weeds from waste will also be controlled(
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$ermi=Composting
It is the end product of the brea+down of organic matter b some species of earthworm( Germi-compost is a nutrient rich natural fertili>er and soil conditioner( 'he process of producing vermi-compost is called vermi-composting(
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0enefits of Composting
<irect emplo ment in composting %conomic gain through sale of compost H earth-worms ?educe dependenc on chemical fertili>er for agriculture purpose ?educe the e6penditure of $unicipal bod on transportation of Solid Wastes( ?educe the need for new landfill site 5revention of pollution caused b Solid waste ?educe green house gas(

Compost ready to use

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Sulabh #nitiative to%ards +ehabilitation of Scavengers

.oth Sulabh technologies have removed untouchabilit ( Scavengers have been liberated from the sub-human occupation of cleaning and carr ing human e6creta as head-load for its disposal( 'he were the worst victim of a cruel social order for centuries and reduced to the depths of degradation as IuntouchablesJ( IBai <ishaJ Gocational 'raining &entre was set up at *lwar and 'on+ in ?aCasthan to liberate and rehabilitate women hitherto engaged in the profession of scavenging( * comprehensive 0- ear training is being provided to women scavengers in various vocations to help them earn their livelihoods( 'he were also taught to read and write through adult literac classes(