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Outline
Introduction
What is 4G? What's New in 4G?
3G vs. 4G
4G Network Features How 4G works Challenges
What is 4G?
A wireless access technology and is the successor of 3G. Called "3G and Beyond". Enables seamless roaming between technologies. Plans on releasing the first commercial network in 2010. NTT DoCoMo Company is testing 4G communication at 100 Mbps while moving, and 1 Gbps while stationary.
Features of 4G Networks
4G networks are all-IP
3G vs. 4G
3G (including 2.5G) Major Requirement Driving Architecture Network Architecture Speeds Frequency Band Bandwidth Switching Design Basis Access Technologies Forward Error Correction Component Design Predominantly voice driven data was always add on Wide area cell-based 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps Dependent on country or continent (1800-2400 MHz) 5-20 MHz Circuit and Packet W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3 Optimized antenna design, multi-band adapters 4G Converged data and voice over IP Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN (WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz) 100 MHz (or more) All digital with packetized voice OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier CDMA) Concatenated coding scheme multi-band adapters Smarter Antennas, software multiband and wideband radios
IP
(32 bits)
IPv6:
(128 bits)
example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 , 192.168.5.120
home address care-of address mobile IP address local network address
Security
Function
Poor security
1.
Enhance security
Multi-fun. and mobile fun. are builtin Plug & Play (Auto-Configuration)
Addressing
2.
4G Systems Challenges
To migrate current systems to 4G with the features
mentioned previously, researchers are facing a number of challenges These challenges are grouped into the following different aspects: Accessing Different Networks: Multimode Devices Overlay Network
Terminal Mobility
4G Wireless Networks Challenges First Challenge: Accessing Different Networks One of the most challenging problems facing deployment of 4G technology is how to access several and different mobile and wireless networks There are two possible architectures
Multimode Devices
Overlay Network
A single physical terminal with multiple interfaces to access the different wireless networks Advantages: Improve call completion Expand coverage area Reliable coverage in case of network, link or switch failure Disadvantages: Complexity in the hardware of the device Handoff Mechanism: Performed by the user, device or network
A user accesses an overlay network consisting of several UAPs UAPs Functions: Select a wireless network based on availability and user choices Store IPs of user, network and devices Advantages: Simplify hardware of device Supports single billing Disadvantages: More network devices Handoff Mechanism between UAPs: Performed by overlay network rather than the user or device
4G Wireless Networks Challenges Second Challenge: Terminal Mobility In order to provide wireless services at any time and anywhere, terminal mobility is a must in 4G infrastructure Terminal mobility allows mobile clients to roam across geographical boundaries of the wireless networks There are two main issues in terminal mobility:
location management handoff management
79.23.178.229,
65.198.2.10,
192.168.5.120
home address
care-of address
mobile IP address
216.37.129.9,
79.23.178.229,
65.198.2.10,
192.168.5.120
home address
care-of address
mobile IP address
Thank you . . .