Anatomy of GIT

Oral Cavity (1) Dr.Farhan Dahir Duale

ORAL REGIONS The oral region includes the Mouth, Teeth, Gingival (Gums), Toungue, palate and Regions Of palatine tonsils COMPONENTS OF ORAL CAVITY: 1/MOUTH 2/TEETH 3/GUMS 4/TOUNGUE 5/REGIONS OF PALATINE TONSILS The Oral cavity is where food is ingested and prepared for digestion in the stomach and small intestine Food is chewed by mouth mainly by Teeth and saliva from salivary glands facilitate the formation of food bolus Deglutition(Swallowing)is volunatarily initiated in the oral cavity .this voluntary phase pushes the food from the oral cavity into the pharynx where the automatic phasae of swallowing occur or take place.

ORAL CAVITY: The oral cavity consists of two parts: 1/Oral vestibule: this is a space between the teeth, buccal gingival, lips and cheeks 2/Oral cavity proper: this is the space between upper and dental arches. it is limited laterally and interiorly by the Maxillary and Mandibular . The Roof of the Oral cavity is Formed by the Palate .Posteriorly, The oral cavity communicate with the Or pharynx (Oral part of the pharynx).when the Mouth is closed at rest, The oral cavity is fully Occupied by the Tongue

LIPS, CHEEKS and GINGIVAE: The lips are Mobile structures, muscular folds surrounding The Mouth. It contains: Orbicular is muscle Superior &inferior labial muscles Vessels and nerves The Lips are covers externally by skin and internally by mucous membrane The lips are used for grasping food, sucking liquids, clearing food from the labial vestibule .Forming speech and ossiculation (kissing)

UPPER LIPS: It lies between the nose and orifice of the oral cavity Laterally lips are separated from Cheeks by Nasolabial groove that extend from the nose &pass about 1cm lateral to the angles of the mouth The upper lip has an ifranasal depression called PHILTRUM that extend from the external nasal septum.

LOWER LIP: It lies between the mouth and labiomental Groove. The upper &lower lips are continous at the angles of the mouth and are separated from the cheeks by Nasolabial Groove. The LABIAL FRENULA Are Free edged folds of mucous membranes in the midline extending from the Vestibular Gingival to the mucosa of the upper and lower lips N.B the labial frenula that extend in the lower lip is smaller .

BLOOD SUPPLY OF LIPS: The superior and inferior labial areteries branches of the Facial arteries anastamoses each other in the lips to form an arterial ring . The upper lip is supplied by superior labial Branches of the facial and infraorbital arteries The lower lip is supplied by inferior labial branches of the facial and mental arteries

NERVE SUPLY OF LIPS: Upper lip is supplied by superior labial branches of the Infraorbital nerve Lower lip is supplied by inferior labial branches of the mental nerves LYMPH NODES OF LIPS: Lymph from the upper lip and lateral parts of the lower lips pass primarily to the submandibular lymph nodes. Lymph from the medial part of lower lip passes initially to the sub mental lymph nodes

NERVE SUPLY OF LIPS: Upper lip is supplied by superior labial branches of the Infraorbital nerve Lower lip is supplied by inferior labial branches of the mental nerves LYMPH NODES OF LIPS: Lymph from the upper lip and lateral parts of the lower lips pass primarily to the submandibular lymph nodes. Lymph from the medial part of lower lip passes initially to the sub mental lymph nodes

CHEEKS: It form the lateral mobile walls of the oral cavity .The principle muscle of the cheeks is the Buccinator The Cheeks are supplied by Buccal Branches of the Maxillary artery and innervated by Buccal branches of Mandibular nerve

GINGIVAE It is a fibrous tissue covered with mucous membrane The Gingivae compose of two parts: 1/ Gingivae proper (attached Gingivae) 2/Alveolar mucosa (loose Gingivae) THE Gingivae proper is normally pink and keratinizing THE Alveolar mucosa is normally shiny red and non-keratanizing

TEETH : Teeth are hard,conical structures set in the alveoli of the upper and lower jaws that are used in mastication and assisting in articulation . There are Two Types of teeth which are primary or secondary teeth .children have 20 deciduous (primary or milk teeth )while adults normally have 32(secondary teeth

THE TYPES OF TEETH IS IDENTIFIED BY THEIR CHARACETRISTICS: 1/INCISORS:thin cutting edges 2/CANNINS:single prominent cone 3/PREMOLARS(bicuspids):Two cusps divided by saggittal groove 4/MOLARS: 3 OR more cusps

PARTS AND STRUCTURES OF TEETH : A tooth has a crown,neck and root 1/crown:it is the part that project from the gingivae 2/neck:it is the part between the crown and root 3/root :it is fixed in the alveolus by fibrous periodontal membrane Most of the Teeth is composed of Dentin which is covered by enamel over the crown and Cement over the root . The teeth contain a cavity inside which is called pulp cavity (tooth cavity) which contain connective tissue ,blood vessels and nerves and vessels to and from the pulp cavity through the apical foramen(Root foramen).