INTRODUCTION TO BIOELECTRIC PHENOMENA

BIOELECTROMAGNETISM

Bioelectromagnetism (discipline) examines electric, electromagnetic, and magnetic phenomena in biological tissues. These phenomena include:
The behavior of excitable tissue (the sources) The electric currents and potentials in the volume conductor The magnetic field at and beyond the body The response of excitable cells to electric and magnetic field stimulation The intrinsic electric and magnetic properties of the

BEN = bioengineering, BPH = biophysics, BEM = bioelectromagnetism, MPH = medical physics, MEN = medical engineering, MEL = medical electronics.

BIOELECTROMAGNETISM

Interdisciplinary fields that associate physics and engineering with medicine and biology

BIOELECTROMAGNETISM

Biophysics: solution of biological problems in terms of the concepts of physics. Bioengineering: engineering techs to the develop: Health care devices, analysis of biological systems etc. Biomedical engineering and Biochemical engineering (biotechnology) Biotechnology: microbiological process technology.

BIOELECTROMAGNETISM

Medical electronics: A division of biomedical engineering: electronic devices and methods in medicine. Medical physics: A science based upon physical problems in clinical medicine. Biomedical engineering: An engineering discipline concerned with the application of science and technology (devices and methods) to biology

BIOELECTROMAGNETISM

Bioelectromagnetism is subdivided on theoretical grounds (two universal principles):

Maxwell's

Maxwell's Equations

Bioelectricity,

Bioelectromagnetism (biomagnetism),
Biomagnetism. measurement of fields stimulation and magnetization,

Reciprocity

equations (electromagnetics) The principle of reciprocity.

measurement of intrinsic electric and magnetic properties of tissue.

Bioelectromagnetism (Reciprocity : measurement of fields)

Bioelectromagnetism (Reciprocity : stimulation and magnetization)

Bioelectromagnetism (Reciprocity : measurement of intrinsic Properties)

Bioelectromagnetis m may be subdivided on the ground of Lead Field Theoretical Approach

Bioelectricity/ Bioelectric Phenomena

Bioelectric Phenomena
Nerve

cell and Muscle

cell
Neuron Cell

Membrane (Potential) Synapse (axon to cell) Muscle cell (involuntary)

e.g.: Myocardiac Muscle

An Eukaryotic Cell and cell organelles

Plasmamembrane/ Cell membrane

Fluid Mosaic Model (Cell Membrane)

Ions may travel towards the concentration gradient created between ECM and ICM(Cytosol)

Gated Ion Channels (Membrane)

most ion channels are "gated", means that they allow regulated diffusion through the pore

Active transport & Na+/K+ Antiporter

Action potential and resting potential of Neuron