Phrases and Clauses

Recall: Which underlined groups of words are phrases?

1. The tree near the school was hit by lightning last night. 2. The frightened dog hid underneath the couch. 3. Before the day ends, we will have finished our class project.

The Clause
Group of words containing a verb and its subject

Could be part of a sentence or the sentence itself

The Clause
Main/Independent Clause a clause that CAN stand by itself as a sentence Subordinate/Dependent Clause a clause that CANNOT stand by itself as a sentence

Examples: Dependent and Independent Clauses

the novel became a bestseller she left the room you can reach your dreams I reached school early because the topic was controversial while you were talking with me if you believe in yourself since I woke up early

Examples: Phrase vs. Clause

After the play After the play is finished Before midnight Because of the fire Before they arrive Because someone Since yesterday left the fan on Since the family left the house

Exercise 1: Phrase or Clause?

1. Because he worked part time at night, he was always sleepy in class. 2.Our group took a break to get some food.

3.People who volunteer in the Red Cross do admirable work.

Exercise 1: Phrase or Clause?

4.They left without getting the teachers permission. 5. Read that paper while you are waiting for your turn. 6. Your missing book was found under your bed.

Types of Clauses
Adjective Clause

Adverb Clause
Noun Clause

The Adjective Clause

Is a subordinate clause Modifies a noun or a pronoun Tells which one or what kind

Must follow closely the word it modifies

The Adjective Clause

Introductory words for adjective clauses:
Relative pronouns: that, who, whom, whose, what, which Relative adverbs: after, before, since, when, where, why

Examples of Sentences with Adjective Clauses

The person whom you saw yesterday was my cousin. We scolded the puppy that chewed up my shoes. The sun never shines on days when I can enjoy it. The boat that is barely visible on the horizon is ours. The movie that you recommended is not really worth watching. The person whom you talked with happened to be my best friend.

Exercise 1: Find the adjective clause and the word it modifies

1. The dessert that I ordered a while ago never came. 2. She lives in the island where the movie was filmed. 3. I met a woman who lives in your hometown. 4. Did you find all of the tools that you needed for your project? 5. Is this the person whom you saw last night at the party?

Exercise 2: Find the adjective clause and the word it modifies

1. The dog that barks the loudest usually bites the least. 2. I couldnt find the place where you bought that dress. 3. I got lost since that man gave me directions that are very confusing. 4. Surely, the story that you told me is not true.

Exercise 3: Sentence Construction using the following as adjective clauses

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. That was repaired Where we used to live Who told them about our surprise That she needed Why her brother quit

Assignment
What are adverb clauses? What introductory words could be used to form adverb clauses?