4 G TECHNOLOGY 1. Gen. 4G technology is the fourth gen of cellular wireless stds. It is a successor to 3G and 2G families of stds.

A 4G sys is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-IP based solution where facilities such as ultra-broadband (giga-bit speed) Internet access, IP telephony, gaming services, and streamed multimedia may be provided to user. 2. Obj of 4G. 4G is being developed to accommodate the quality of service and rate reqmts set by further devp of existing 3G applications like mob broadband access, Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), video chat, mob TV, but also new services like HDTV.Obj of 4G are as follows :(a) Flexible channel bandwidth, between 5 and 20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz.

(b) Nominal data rate of 100 mbps while the client moves at high speeds relative to the stn, and 1 GBPS while client and stn are in fixed posns.
(c) A data rate of at least 100 MBPS between any two pts in the world.

(d) Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bits/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bits/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1 GBPS in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz bandwidth) (e) Sys spectral efficiency of up to 3 bits/Hz/cell in the downlink and 2.25 bit/s/Hz/cell for indoor usage. (f) (g) Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks. Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks.

(h) High quality of service for next gen multimedia sp (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV etc). (j) An all IP, packet switched network. connected to fixed Internet broadband

(l) Femtocells (home nodes infrastructure) 4. 4G Features.

(a) 4G provides end-to-end Internet Protocol (IP), and peer-to-peer networking in which every mobile service would be both a transceiver and a router for other devices in the network.

2 (b) In 4G sys, the circuit-switched infrastructure is abandoned, and only a packet-switched network is provided. This means that traditional voice calls are replaced by IP telephony. (c) 4G allows seamless mobility, thus a file transfer is not interrupted in case a terminal moves from one call (one base station coverage area) to another, but handover is carried out. The terminal also keeps the same IP address while moving, meaning that a mobile server is reachable as long as it is within the coverage area of any server. (d) Mobility is provided by the mobile IP protocol, part of IP version 6 and while in earlier cellular generation it was only provided by physical layer and data link layer protocols.

(e)

Some additional key features 4G mobile networks are as follows :(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) High usability : anytime, anywhere, and with any technology. Support for multimedia services at low transmission cost. Personalisation. Integrated services