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Oct. 29th,2012
Contents
Sampling theorem
Claude E. Shannon, Communication in the Presence of Noise, Proceeding of the I.R.E., vol. 37, pp. 10-21, January, 1949.
Human ear is insensitive to a certain amount of phase distortion Messages differing only in phases sound the same All the points which differ only in phase can be grouped together and treated as one point
In the case of sounds, if the ear were completely insensitive to phase, then the number of dimensions would be reduced by one-half due to this cause alone. The sine and cosine components an and bn for a given frequency 2 2 would not need to be specified independently, but only an bn that is, the total amplitude for this frequency.
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Compressible signal
Sparse: almost energy of x is distributed in some (K) coefficients almost coefficients (N - K) are very small or zero
x s
Where x is signal in time/space domain, size Nx1 s is signal in transform domain, size Nx1 is transform matrix, size NxN
Power spectrum density
2D-DCT transform
Width
Height
Directly acquire compressed samples: sampling and compression as a whole Compressively measure via linear projections
y x s s
Where x is signal in time/space domain, size Nx1 s is signal in transform domain, size Nx1 is transform matrix, size NxN is measurement matrix
Objectives
Under
Satisfies Null Space condition Satisfies Restricted Isolated Property Incoherent Property
we can use
A semiconductor material, named Silicon, is widely used in large scale circuit Silicon also readily converts photon in visual wavelength to electrons.
http://photographythebest.blogspot.kr/2011/07/mekanisme-asas-kamera-digital.html 10
Imaging at wavelengths where silicon is blind is considerably more complicated and expensive
E.g., for comparable resolution, 500$ visible-wavelength camera becomes 50,000$ for the infrared camera.
HOW ?
Single-pixel photodiode
http://photographythebest.blogspot.kr/2011/07/mekanisme-asas-kamera-digital.html 11
Architecture
y x
Image to be sent x Measurements y
DMD: digital micro-mirror device RNG: random number generator A/D: analog to digital converter DSP: digital signal processor
Architecture
http://dsp.rice.edu/cscamera 13
Measurement matrix
Matrix : - Store in SRAM and control Digital Micro-mirror Device - Matrix is Gaussian matrix - Generate by Random Number Generator
Reflect light in one of two directions (20 optical) depending upon the state of the underlying memory cell (SRAM). SRAM value 1': reflect light into the optical system SRAM value '0': reflect light out of the optical system
http://www.opticalsciences.com/dmd.html 14
(d)
(e)
(f)
Examples (a, d) original, (b, e) 4096 Pixels 800 Measurements (20%), (c, f) 4096 Pixels 1600 Measurements (40%)
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Conclusions
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Sparse error correction Group testing and data stream algorithms Compressive medical imaging Single-pixel camera Hyper-spectral imaging Compressive sensing of manifold-model data Inference using compressive measurements Compressive sensor networks
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