SYNCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIERARCHY (SDH) AND DENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING( DWDM)

NAME

BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED RTTC-Rajpura

AIM

STUDY OF TRENDS TECHNOLOGIES IN COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKING has been a small effort in reviewing the trends technologies prevailing in telecommunication . For this purpose, no organization other than Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited could have been a better choice. I have also come across with the knowledge that how to work with a great professionalism in any organization. It helped me to enhance skills such as practical knowledge.

SDH is an international standard for high speed telecommunication over optical/electrical networks ,can transport digital signals. Synchronous : One master synchronize with it. clock & all elements

Digital: Information in binary.

Hierarchy: Set of bit rates in a hierarchical order

Three different hierarchies with different signal formats Point-to-point transmission\ manual approach to network management and maintenance. In sufficient capacity for network management.

The Container (C)

The Virtual Container (VC)

Basic packaging unit for tributary signals Synchronous to the STM-1 Bitrate adaptation is done via a positive stuffing procedure Adaptation of synchronous tributaries by fixed stuffing bits Bit by bit stuffing Formation of the Container by adding of a POH (Path Overhead) Transport as a unit through the network (SDH) A VC containing several VCs has also a pointer area

270 Columns (Bytes)

1 9

270

transmit row by row

RSOH
AU Pointer

Payload
(transport capacity)

MSOH

RSOH: Regenerator section overhead MSOH: Multiplex section overhead Payload: Area for information transport

The Tributary Unit (TU)

The Tributary Unit Group (TUG)

The Administrative Unit (AU)
Combines several TUs for a new VC

Is formed via adding a pointer to the VC

The Syncronous Transport Module Level 1 ( STM-1)

Is shaped if a pointer is allocated to the VC formed at last

Formed by adding a Section Overhead (SOH) to AUs Clock justification through positive-zero-negative stuffing in the AU pointer area byte by byte stuffing

NUMBER OF ROWS = 9 NUMBER OF COLUMNS = 9+261=270 NUMBER OF BYTES = 9x270 NUMBER OF BITS = 9x270x8 NUMBER OF BITS / SECOND = 9x270x8x8000 =155520000 =155.520 Mbps (STM-1) BIT RATE OF STM-N = (Nx155.520) Mbps

Multi-vendor environment (mid span meet) Synchronous networking

SDH supports multi-point or hub configurations whereas,

asynchronous configurations. networking only supports point-to-point

Can accommodate both existing and future signals

Simplification (ability to directly drop lower trib)

 Multiplexing several optical signals having different wavelengths single fiber and transmitting simultaneously over a is known as Wavelength Division

Multiplexing.
When having to move traffic on spans stretching more than 800 km, it is obvious to select the DWDM system over SDH system . DWDM has wavelength spacing ~0.8nm.

Faster(Higher Speed per Channel) Thicker (More Channels )

160 Channels possible today

Longer (Link Length before Regeneration)

A few thousand km possible today

OA- Optical Amplifier OADM- Optical Add Drop Multiplexer

TRANSPONDER

Converts broadband optical signals to a specific wavelength. Receive Transponders perform reverse function.

MULTIPLEXER & DEMULTIPLEXER

DWDM Multiplexer

DWDM Demultiplexer

Wavelength Converted via Transponder

Separated Wavelengths

OPTICAL ADD DROP MULTIPLEXER

OADM allow flexible add/drop of channels.

OPTICAL AMPLIFIER(OA)
OA used is Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier(EDFA) which amplifies optical signal.

Capacity Increase Upgradability Flexibility

Large aggregate transmission capacity

Customer growth without requiring additional fiber to be laid

Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing(OADM) Optical Cross Connect(OXC) The possibility to add new nodes to network Independence of data rate, format and protocols

Scalability

Network Transparency