Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Mrs. KusumLata
Lead Education Specialist
www.biyanicolleges.org
Summary
Primary education is a fundamental right in India, and at the international level an important Millennium Development Goal to which India and the Bank are totally committed. GOI and States increasingly recognize education as a critical input for human capital development, employment/ jobs, and economic growth, and are putting major financial and technical resources into this effort. Nevertheless, demand for education far exceeds supply, in terms of both access and quality, at all levels.
Anxious to get YOUR views as to how the Bank can improve its impact on access, learning outcomes and reducing skills shortages.
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Basic Education
Two decades of focused programs in basic education have reduced out-of-school youth to about 10 M (down from 25 M in 2003), most from marginalized social groups. Net enrollment rate is 85%, with social disparities.
Key challenge is to finish the access agenda and dramatically increase focus on quality, with more attention to classroom processes, basic reading skills in early grades, teacher quality and accountability, community/parent oversight, evaluation/assessment.
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Secondary Education
Access and Quality remain big challenges. Gross enrollment rate of 40%, with significant gaps between genders, social groups, urban/rural, such that most secondary students are urban boys from wealthier population groups. Private aided and unaided schools = 60% of all secondary schools, and growing.
Overloaded curriculum, poor teaching practices and low primary level quality affect secondary quality.
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(continued)
US$ 250 M for Technical Education and Engineering: reforms in 128 competitively selected engineering institutions in 13 states to address skills shortages US$ 70 M for polytechnics in six remote states (possible $300 M additional) State education reforms in Orissa and AP
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Bank Research
Elementary Education
Impact evaluation regarding:
Incentive payments and schooling inputs on student learning Dissemination of education information on school governance and student outcomes School characteristics and student outcomes Instructional time on task survey
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Bank Research
Early Childhood Development focus on integrated (health/nutrition/education) approaches
Will feed into US$ 450 M Integrated Child Development Services Project
Secondary Education major analytical study related to expanding access, particularly for girls and marginalized groups, and to role of private sector Higher Education contribute to debate regarding how India can address skills shortages among HE graduates, linked to economic growth opportunities.
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Banks Limitations
Engagement in Indian education is largely through centrally-sponsored schemes, while most implementation happens at the State level. Need to find ways to foster dialogue and technical assistance with States, and increase exchanges with civil society on substantive policy issues.
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Thank You
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