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-is an organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body. The main components of the human circulatory system are the heart, the blood, and the blood vessels. The circulatory system includes: the pulmonary circulation, a "loop" through the lungs where blood is oxygenated; and the systemic circulation, a "loop" through the rest of the body to provide oxygenated blood. An average adult contains five to six quarts (roughly 4.7 to 5.7 liters) of blood, temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis. While humans, as well as other vertebrates, have a closed cardiovascular system (meaning that the blood never leaves the network of arteries, veins and capillaries), some invertebrate groups have an open cardiovascular system. The most primitive animal phyla lack circulatory system. The lymphatic system, on the other hand, is an open system which consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Also, the digestive system works with the circulatory system to provide the nutrients the system needs to keep the heart pumping.
The Heart
-pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. In the human heart there is one atrium and one ventricle for each circulation, and with both a systemic and a pulmonary circulation there are four chambers in total: left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle. The right atrium is the upper chamber of the right side of the heart. The blood that is returned to the right atrium is deoxygenated (poor in oxygen) and passed into the right ventricle to be pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for reoxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide. The left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs as well as the pulmonary vein which is passed into the strong left ventricle to be pumped through the aorta to the different organs of the body.
Pericardium
-Is the thin sac enclosing the heart
Septum
-A wall that separate the right side from the left side of the heart.
Bicuspid Valve
-The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Tricuspid Valve
-The valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
THE ARTERIES
THE AORTA
-is the largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it branches off into two smaller arteries. The aorta brings oxygenated blood to all parts of the body in the systemic circulation.
The Aorta
Arterioles
-Blood passes into the smaller arteries until they reach the smallest arteries
THE CAPILLARIES
CAPILLARIES
-are very thin and fragile. The capillaries are actually only one epithelial cell thick. They are so thin that blood cells can only pass through them in single file. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through the thin capillary wall. The red blood cells inside the capillary release their oxygen which passes through the wall and into the surrounding tissue. The tissue releases its waste products, like carbon dioxide, which passes through the wall and into the red blood cells.
Diffusion
from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
-Is the movement of tiny particles
THE VEINS
human circulatory system that carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. There are four pulmonary veins, two from each lung. They carry oxygenated blood, which is unusual since almost all other veins carry deoxygenated blood. One of four vessels that carry aerated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. (The four are the right and left superior and inferior pulmonary veins). The pulmonary veins are the only veins that carry bright red oxygenated blood.
THE BLOOD
are the part of the circulatory system that transport blood throughout the body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart, the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back towards the heart. Blood vessels are intricate networks of tubes that transport blood throughout the entire body.
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THE PLATELETS
anuclear cells (i.e. cells that do not have a nucleus containing DNA), 2-3 m in diameter[1], which are derived from fragmentation of precursor megakaryocytes. The average lifespan of a platelet is between 8 and 12 days. Platelets play a fundamental role in hemostasis and are a natural source of growth factors. They circulate in the blood of mammals and are involved in hemostasis, leading to the formation of blood clots. If the number of platelets is too low, excessive bleeding can occur. However, if the number of platelets is too high, blood clots can form (thrombosis), which may obstruct blood vessels and result in such events as a stroke, heart attack, pulmonary embolism or the blockage of blood vessels to other parts of the body, such as the extremities of the arms or legs. An abnormality or disease of the platelets is called a thrombocytopathy[2], which could be either a low number of platelets (thrombocytopenia), a decrease in function (thrombasthenia), or an increase in the number of (thrombocytosis). There are disorders that reduce the number of platelets, such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) that typically cause thromboses, or clots, instead of bleeding.
1.Anemia
-is an ailment of the blood which can be cause by any of the following:
a. low production of red blood cells
2.Leukemia
-is a cancer of the blood. it is characterized by the abnormal production of white blood cells in the bone marrow.
3. Hypertension -is a dangerous condition because it can lead to serious complications. Chronically elevated blood pressure increases the risk of developing heart failure, heart attacks, arterial aneurysm and strokes.
UNTREATED HYPERTENSION
4.Atherosclerosis
-(also known as Arteriosclerotic Vascular Disease or ASVD) is the condition in which an artery wall thickens as the result of a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol.
-is a damage to the heart caused by the narrowing of arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle
-is a weakening of the heart due to the inflammation of its inner lining of a failure of the heart valve to close, thus causing blood to leak.
an any defect in the structure of the heart or a major blood vessels that is present at birth.
-is
2. Exercise
-activities like jogging, swimming and forms of exercise that are good for the heart.
4.Physical checkup
-have a physical checkup at least once a year even if you have no symptoms of any illness
LUNG
LEFT ATRIUM
BICUSPID VALVE
LEFT VENTRICLE
RIGHT VENTRICLE
AORTA
TRICUSPID VALVE
ARTERY
RIGHT ATRIUM
VEINS VENULES
ARTERIOLES
CAPILLARIES
SUBMITTED BY: Ellaine Marie B. Calibang Earlyn Joy V. Eniola Alexa Denise S. Rano Amanda Clarys G. Ariza Christian Joy Montao Remark Salarosan
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