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DATA COLLECTION

PURPOSE & TECHNIQUE


WHY DO WE COLLECT DATA?

 monitor progress
 get information
 evaluate performance
 effectively use of resources
 identify gaps between knowledge
and practice
 evaluate impact of a program
 decision making
 utilise in planning
Commonly Used Data Collection
Procedures
•experiment
•survey
Census & inter census projections
In-depth or detailed sample survey
Quick count or rapid survey
•observational facts
•interviews
•focus group discussion
Steps in Data Collection

•Identification of the objective


•listing of targeted population
•time frame
•data collection instrument
•method of data collection
•selection of proper sampling design
Internal validity
External validity
•organisation - selection, responsibilities
and training of staff
•precoding
•pre-testing
•field survey launching
Survey Questionnaire

Careful consideration should be given to


the following:

•Type of question structure


open ended
closed ended
•Phrasing and wording of questions
•Lay-out of the question
•Aids to the respondent
•Aids and instructions to the interviewer
Starting the Questionnaire

Step 1: Write most important aims of the study

Step 2: List of information, relevant to step 1

Step 3: main sections

Step 4: questions which can be asked of the respondent

Step 5: revise step 4 against 1

Step 6: all information is recorded


Starting the Questionnaire
Step 7: check if every question is

•clear and unambiguous


•simple and short
•a reasonable question to ask
•to be an open or closed question
•coded
•scales

Step 8: interview does not take too long


Phrasing and Wording of Questions

•clarity - ask short, specific questions


•simplicity-use simple everyday words
•ask one question at a time
•double barrelled questions-avoid multiple
or compound questions
•time frame
•neutrality
Questionnaire Lay Out

•easy to use
•guidance and reminders to the interviewer
•prevent confusion
•instructions should not be overlooked
•easy interpretation of answers
Question Sequence-respondent Must

•understand
•motivated
•interest maintained
•enjoy the interview

Prepare Interviewer Instructions

•explain carefully
•explain how to use the questionnaire
during an interview
•serve as a reference
Data Management
•questionnaire identification number
•questionnaire editing
•development of coding sheet
•development of code book
•methods of data management
hand tallying
hand sorting
use of computers
FEW SIMPLE BUT IMPORTANT RULES
WHILE PREPARING A QUESTIONNAIRE
 Every questionnaire must include information on
name of village/name of family or person interviewed
date of interview
identification is usually put at the beginning
of the questionnaire
Questions must be short, simple and easily understood
Only important questions should be asked
Start the questionnaire with questions that are easy to
answer and which deal with very familiar matters
Leave plenty of space for the interviewer to write down
the answers and to make notes of anything interesting
s/he sees. If writing space is short then the handwriting
will become cramped and very difficult to read

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