IMT 161 Drive Systems Chapter 3

Anti-friction bearings
Also called rolling-element or rollingcontact bearings. Serve the same purpose as plain bearings. 1. Reduce friction 2. Prevent overheating 3. Guide & support moving equipment 4. Confine motion

Anti-friction bearings
Three general types; 1. Journal 2. Thrust 3. Guide

Anti-friction bearings
All of these have some kind of a rolling element; 1. Balls 2. Rollers

Needle bearings are a variation of a roller

bearing.

Bearing types

Bearing types
Cup and Cone Cage

Roller
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Bearing types

Ball bearings
In ball bearings the load is carried by a relatively small contact area. Generally, this means; a lighter load but.at higher speeds The more rolling elements in the bearing, the larger the load that can be carried.

Anti-friction bearing

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Roller bearings
Roller bearings have a larger contact area than ball bearings. Generally, this means; heavier loads at slower speeds

The more rolling elements in the bearing, the larger the load that can be carried.

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Components
Inner ring or race--mounts onto a shaft Outer ring or race--mounts into a housing Rolling elements Cage, retainer or separator--maintains spacing for the rolling elements and keeps them securely between the rings. Seals and shields--optional on some bearings.

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Parts

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Parts

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Operating principles
In most applications; The outer ring is firmly attached to the housing and does not rotate. The inner ring is fitted tightly to the shaft, supporting the shaft and confining its motion. As the shaft rotates so does the inner ring. The load is carried by the rolling elements.

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Bearing materials
The load carrying parts of most bearings are made of hardened, ground steel. The rolling elements are case or through hardened for reliability. How does this compare to plain bearings??? Special bearings can be made of different grades of steels or alloy steels for lighter weight, greater strength, longer life or for higher temperatures.

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Cage materials
Cages, separators or retainers can be made of many different materials. The most common are;

low carbon steel

brass
plastic nylon

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Cages

Many bearing failures are caused by cage failures. Most cage failures are caused by inadequate lubrication.

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Seals and shields

Are sometimes called bearing closures. Seals are used to keep lube in and contaminants out. Bearings with seals on both sides are lubed for life at the factory and can not be re-lubricated. Bearings are available with a seal on 1 side only.

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Seals and shields

Shields are not as effective as seals in keeping lube in and contaminants out. Shielded bearings can sometimes be relubricated. Shielded bearings might be used with an oil lubrication. Shields can be used on 1 or both sides of a bearing.

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Bearing shield

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Bearing Classifications
Plain Bearings
Thrust bearings

Anti-friction Bearings
Guide bearings

Journal bearings

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Bearing Classifications
Load type
Radial Axial Combinations

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Loads
Radial Load

Radial Load
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Bearing Classifications
Anti-friction bearings Size Rolling elements Tolerances

Roller Needle Ball

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Standards
Are set by the AFBMA Anti-friction Bearing Manufacturers Association Bearing Identification Code Standards for ID, OD, width

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Tolerances
To provide precise control of equipment components, bearings are made and held to very accurate dimensions. Vibration control

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Tolerances
Ball bearing tolerances ABEC-1, ABEC-5, ABEC-7, ABEC-9 Low numbers mean wider tolerances

Roller bearing tolerances RBEC-1, RBEC-5 Low numbers mean wider tolerances

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Tolerances

Spherical roller bearings are furnished to RBEC-1 tolerances Tapered roller bearings are designated by numbers; 00, 0, 2, 3, 4

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Standard & precision bearings

Standard bearings have about twice the tolerances of precision bearings.

Which type is more expensive? Which do you think might have a longer life?

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Bearing fits
Operating conditions determine the choice and type of fit. Manufacturers specifications and bearing charts will provide information on bearing fits.

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The End!!!!!

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